War on Drugs Solution: Legalization?

Proposal Much like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short.There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation ra ther than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement: There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war. A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization.A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system. Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. The legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea.Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks , â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?†The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U. S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009. As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war.The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrong ly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs. In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife.Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para. 17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem? † where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than triple d in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1. 63 million arrests in 2010.More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7). One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members.Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions built by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy. The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy.The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D. , while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†. But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana.Then after the Second World War joins president N ixon who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens. Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3).Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself. Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplis hment and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war.One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption. According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them.After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards the exploitati on and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4). As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1. 5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p. 18). As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most importantly medicine.Aft er several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1). Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep.It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortun ate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated.Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets. One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemical study, has yie lded many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4). War on Drugs Solution: Legalization? ProposalMuch like the exclusion of alcohol back in the 20s which was aimed to evict various substances from our civilization, the drug war today has not only ruined its mission, but has made its mission unfeasible. Today various failures, whether it is the huge amount of money being spent erroneously or the increasing number of crimes and users, one thing is for sure; the war on drugs has fallen short. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can cause a huge difference in the lives of the users and the others around them, however the â€Å"War on Drugs†, is more of a failure than a success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.This research paper is intended to argue why the legalization of marijuana is the simple solution for the notorious war on drugs today as well as showing how society would actually benefit from the validation rat her than the prohibition of some illicit substances.Outline Thesis Statement:There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets. I. Failures and problems raised by the war.A. Financial failures. B. Social/Human failures. C. Criminal justice system problems. II. Approach to marijuana legalization. A. Marijuana’s historical background. B. Flexible strategies of legalization. III. Benefits of legalizing over banning. A. Financial benefits. B. Societal outcomes. C. Improvement of the criminal justice system.Ethics and politics are what make up the structure of a certain nation, so when a subject receives diverse reactions coming from two different standpoints it becomes controversial. Th e legalization of marijuana is a controversial subject; however, there are many encouraging arguments to support the idea. Taking a glimpse on its chronological milieu and the strategies of the legalization highlights the benefits of this validation as well as the problems elevated by the war on drugs. There is no doubt that the usage and misusage of drugs can alter the lives of users and others around them. However, the â€Å"War on Drugs† is more of a failure than success and one of the most effective solutions is, ironically, legalizing the light drug, marijuana, and distinguishing it from other illicit drugs being sold on the streets.Looking back through history one cannot but notice the mistakes of most governments in choosing war as an approach to create peace. The war on drugs that the United States government tends to use on its own citizens has proven that war is not an applicable option anymore. In Ron Paul’s farewell speech to the congress in 2012, he asks, â€Å"Why haven’t we given up on the drug war since it’s an obvious failure and violates the people’s rights? Has nobody noticed that the authorities can’t even keep drugs out of the prisons?† The failure of the war appears in three aspects; financially, socially, and the problems with the criminal justice rise. As for financial failure due to the drug war; the United States paid at least $1 trillion on the drug war, while it cost U.S. taxpayers at least $51 billion in 2009.As a response to that drug production; trafficking, consumption and overdoses have increased. As for the society’s sacrifice in that war, many casualties have been reported due to some errors and/or corruption in the system of the law enforcement directed towards the handling of the drug war. The article â€Å"The Drug War’s Hidden Economic Agenda†, by Blemenson and Nilsen in 1998, presents the case of Donald Scott, a Californian millionaire, who was wrongly accused of cultivating numerous marijuana plants on his five million dollar ranch. Despite many investigations, failed efforts to verify the anonymous tip, and information that Scott presented slight danger of violence; his ranch was totally raided by LA sheriff’s department armed with heavy weaponry and dogs.In response to the raid and out of fear and self-defense, Scott armed himself with a gun and was unfortunately shot by agents in front of his wife. Moreover, no trace of marijuana plants or other illicit substances were found (para.17). Let’s suppose Donald Scott did have numerous marijuana plants, that shouldn’t be such a threat to the public and authorities to the point that they raid him on a military style basis and cause his unfortunate death. As for the problems that rise from the criminal justice system, Ron Paul questions â€Å" How can making our entire society a prison solve the problem?† where â€Å"Drug arrests have more than tripled in the last 25 years, totaling more than 1.63 million arrests in 2010. More than four out of five of these arrests were for mere possession, and forty-six percent of these arrests (750,591) were for marijuana possession alone† (para. 7).One should think about it, it’s totally illogical and immoral to place a nonthreatening and non-violent person behind bars for the simple possession or use of marijuana for its recreational or proven medicinal value. Not to mention that prison is a place for hardcore drug addicts and criminals to suffer in. Adding to that, the incarceration of first time drug possessors could lead to serious repercussion of the violator and the family members. Moreover, the convicted could suffer many consequences such as losing his/her job, properties, college aid and shockingly losing the right to vote even after being released. Humankind has held the use of the cannabis plant properties for over 5000 years; whereas the false image and misconceptions bui lt by prohibitionists have lasted barely seventy.The period in which society has looked upon marijuana positively and approvingly is almost seventy-five times longer than the period in which it was deemed to be considered as a public enemy. The earliest known recordings of the medicinal use of cannabis date back to first century A.D., while nomadic tribes used the drug for spiritual purposes as early as the Stone Age. It may be shocking to know that the United States Constitution was written on paper made from hemp and that the first marijuana law, dated back to 1619, called farmers to plant â€Å"Indian hemp seed†.But the nasty business, the War on Marijuana, began in 1930 with the foundation of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, a Division of the U. S. Treasury Department. It was not until 1937, with the passage of  the Marihuana Tax Act, that the United States actually restricted recreational and medical use of marijuana. Then after the Second World War joins president Nix on who targeted all drugs and treated drug users as some sort of terrorist aliens.Nixon signed the controlled substances act in 1970, placing marijuana as a schedule I drug disregarding the most comprehensive study done by the Shafer Commission, which recommended that: â€Å"Possession and non-profit transfer of marijuana be decriminalized, stating, in part, that the actual and potential harm from using it â€Å"is not great enough to justify intrusion by the criminal law into private behavior, a step which our society takes only with the greatest reluctance†(Johnston, 2011, para 3). Changing the public’s thought towards â€Å"addictive, lethal weed† prohibitionists won by creating a war, but have never yet got close to winning the war itself.Nowadays public views towards marijuana have been shifting to end prohibition due to the truth that has been found concerning that plant, the potential benefits that escort the use of cannabis, and its medical accomplishme nt and impossible harm. After this awareness citizens from all over the world have been fighting their governments demanding a reform on policies towards the failing drug war. One of the possible ways to win this war is ironically legalizing the light drug marijuana and conducting a new policy, based on credible findings, concerning the whole cycle from production to consumption.According to Mcvay 1991, to construct a prototypical scheme for legal marijuana it is essential to disregard the systems for alcohol and tobacco†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ since the handling of these two drugs in America has failed. Therefore the systems concerning the two legal drugs, alcohol and tobacco, should be altered in a very critical way that acts into discouraging people from using them. After that reformation, placing the marijuana system in a similar way, controlling it from its production till its dispersal and everything that goes in between to developing an alarming attitude and public awareness towards th e exploitation and first use of this drug, would work. Such a structure with strategic discouraging technics transmits the idea that marijuana is no longer adequate when permissible than it was when prohibited (par 4).As discussed previously, a controlled, organized and studied format can prove that marijuana legalization holds benefits over the alleged disadvantages.  Improvements appear financially to the government, socially to the people and in the  criminal justice system. On the public level, aspects concerning legalizing the drug from a financial view have been positive where the RAND Corporation’s Drug Research Center conducted a study revealing that the income coming from taxes to the state are more than half a million dollars ranging to $1.5 billion depending on the market’s request (Abramsky 2012, p.18).As for the society, the hemp plant can offer a large number of efficient materials like decomposable plastics, renewable energy source and most important ly medicine. After several credible scientific researches, cannabis was found to have various medicinal uses from treating backaches reaching to cancer cures where recently â€Å"a pair of scientists at California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco has found that a compound derived from marijuana could stop metastasis in many kinds of aggressive cancer, potentially altering the fatality of the disease forever†(para. 1).Marijuana can be a substitute for many pharmaceutical pills that actually make takers feel so numb and make them pass out to sleep. It is even offered in edible ways like cookies and cakes and even lollipops in order to avoid the light harm smoke inhalation. Employment is also an outcome, for the process needs investors, growers, harvesters, and medical marijuana dispensaries for the sales. With cannabis becoming legal, users would be protected from the black market’s dealers who open doors to other destructive drugs. Regarding the criminal justice system, unfortunate cases like Donald Scott’s would be eliminated. Other than that the focus of the DEA agents and police officers would be on bigger and more sever issues that deal with the processing and trafficking of hardcore drugs on the streets.One can not just stick to what the government releases of information about the plant since it is known that governments tend to hide information for their personal benefit disregarding the misconceptions created in the minds of the people. Several researches have proven the mistakes of the government in classifying cannabis as illegal with no medicinal value and attacking it by a war it’s not supposed to be in.In closing, Dr. Ethan Russo in his article, â€Å"Cannabis for Migraine Treatment†, said it best: â€Å"There can be no doubt that a plant that has been in partnership with man since the beginnings of agricultural efforts, that has served man in so many ways, and that, under the searchlight of modern chemica l study, has yielded  many new and interesting compounds will continue to be a part of man’s economy. It would be a luxury that we could ill afford if we allowed prejudices, resulting from the abuse of Cannabis, to deter scientists from learning as much as possible about this ancient and mysterious plant† (para. 4).

The Negative Impact of Bilangual Education

It is true that, fitting in and adapting to two different linguistic and cultural world can have lasting impacts on individuals, hence, Richard Rodriguez, in his book â€Å"Achievement of Desire†, addresses his struggles as a young boy, trying to adapt to a bilingual education and how that education alienated him from his uneducated Mexican parents. Additionally in the excerpts â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue,† Gloria Anzaldua, while she mainly focuses on the language of â€Å"Mexican† people in different aspects, also mentions her strife as a bilingual student. Although these two stories are different in many ways but they both reflect the negative impact of living in the â€Å"borderlands†. To better understand those cultural conflicts, it is essential to know exactly what the borderlands consist of and who spans there, but most importantly what they represent in this context. The concept of â€Å" the borderlands† informs â€Å"a variety of disciplines at the start of the twenty-first century, with many studies focusing on the boundaries where two or more disparate conceptual, social, or political entities overlap productively†(Ybarra, 1-3). However, Anzaldua’s idea of the borderlands as an active place where people can form their own identity and political resistance remains the most influential according to multiple respected scholars. Understanding the bioregional and ecological aspect of the US-Mexico borderlands, amplifies our knowledge of how colonization, exploitation, and racism impact the land and mostly the Chicanos. Furthermore, one can attribute the concept of borderlands with bilingual education with both English and Spanish being the two territories in question, as experienced by both Anzaldua and Rodriguez. In Anzaldua’s essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she describes her early childhood struggles in school. One of her memories from elementary school was when she was speaking Spanish with her friends during recess, they would tell her â€Å"If you want to be American, speak ‘American’. If you don’t like it, go back to Mexico where you belong. †(Anzaldua 43). In this situation she is forced to be silent and not speak. Growing up, she was constantly told from many of her elders that she needed to speak better English, and sound more American. Anzaldua’s own mother was ashamed of the way that she spoke English, saying it sounded like a Mexican. She reflects on two speech classes that she was required to take with all other Chicano students that had only one purpose, to get rid of their accents. â€Å"In childhood we are told that our language is wrong. Repeated attacks on our native tongue diminish our sense of self. Until I can take pride in my language, I cannot take pride in myself. † (Anzaldua 45-46). Part of language includes culture identity. It is unfair for people to feel ashamed of their identity due to the way they speak. Your language is what keeps you connected to your homeland and you should not feel guilty for speaking it. One should not have to go through speech classes to correct a native accent; the accent is a part of your identity, it is part of who you are. You should not be ashamed to speak and express yourself, because you should never be judged on how you speak, but by the content of what you’re saying. From adolescence the dominants are imposing their degrading views on the subordinates. Many of the teachers that approached these students, telling them â€Å"if they want to speak Spanish go back to Mexico†, are making assumptions based on prejudice about the individuals. The constant degrading ultimately lowers their self-esteem, making it difficult for them to feel that they can overcome being a part of the subordinate group. Anzaldua however rebels against these comments. She seems hostile to the English language and to a culture that does not honor the Spanish language in general or various Spanish dialects in particular. Her general response is one of defiance, for example when she says that to attack an individual's form of expression (in her case, speaking her Chicano Spanish dialect at school) with the intent to censor â€Å"is a violation of the First Amendment† (40). She makes it very clear that she is determined to be linguistically free despite English oppression â€Å"free to write bilingually and to switch linguistic codes without always having to translate† (41). She is determined always to have a â€Å"wild tongue. â€Å"She proves that it is okay to know more than one language and that by speaking Spanish it does not make her less of a person. It possible that she wrote her story partly in Spanish so that she could make a point that she was proud of her native language. Rodriguez suffers the same oppressions but reacted differently to them. If Rodriguez is hostile to the same culture, he does not seem to be hostile to either Spanish or English as such. Instead, he realizes that in American culture, where one language only and educational accomplishment are connected to social and material benefit, those who capture the power of language and education are more likely to obtain those benefits. But this comes at a price because obtaining those benefits usually force emotional and cultural separation from family members who lack language or educational accomplishments. Rodriguez himself admitted that â€Å"[he] cannot afford to admire his parents†¦He permits himself embarrassment at their lack of education. And to evade nostalgia for the life he has lost, he concentrates on the benefits education will bestow upon him† (Rodriguez, 15). Even Henry Staten, in his essay, remarks â€Å"how his education, which culminated in a Ph. D in English from Berkeley in 1976, gradually alienated him from his uneducated, Mexican-born parents† (Staten 8-10). In all, from both excerpts, we encounter the negative impact of bilingual education. â€Å"Rodriguez, for whom â€Å"monolingualism† in English becomes a strategy for success in U. S society, brings his personal experience to the political realm by promoting English as the sole language of public education in the U. S†¦Anzaldua, on the other hand, reflects her linguistic background with a fine toothed comb, un tangling the many strands of English and Spanish that coexist in their multilayered identity. (Ramsdell 12-16) The diversity within America is constantly growing, which in turn means American culture is frequently changing. With all of these new and foreign cultures migrating to the U. S, come many new languages. Generally, many believe that language is power, but yet, people are constantly being silenced because of their â€Å"broken English† and accent. While their politics differ widely, both Rodriguez and Anzaldua lives have been forever altered due to t heir linguistic affiliations, and most significantly by straddling on the â€Å"borderlands. †

Annotated Bibliography High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Annotated Bibliography High School - Essay Example Within the context of the stated, the act of adultery is just an illicit sexual encounter and not one woman's symbolic defiance of society's shackles. Bender critically analyses mood, symbolism and language in several of Kate Chopin's short stories, including "The Storm." As he contends, Chopin carefully selects language, not only to reflect mood but to convey atmosphere. As an example of this, Bender highlights the language used to describe the love scene, illustrating the extent to which it echoes both the raging weather and the storm of emotions exploding from within the depths of either of the two characters. According to Bender, there is an undeniable lyrical/poetic quality to Chopin's writing. Readers may independently arrive at a similar conclusion. A reading of the scene in question indicates that, length-wise, it is really quite sparse but, nevertheless, language selection communicates meaning behind words.

Product Development of LOreal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Product Development of LOreal - Assignment Example L'Oreal is involved in consumer-driven products especially the cosmetic products which are considered to be the neat business. Irrespective of the nature of the business, the company is committed towards its moral and ethical responsibilities. The objective of the company is to represent itself as "global citizen". The company has pursued reforms and plans to achieve sustainable development; the company was recognized as the top 100 sustainable companies in an international survey by Innovest and Corporate Knights. The company has received several acclamations; it has been listed among the leading ethical companies and is committed towards sustainable investment indices. The company has evaluated its business opportunities and has mitigated the economic risks and challenges of governance. L'Oreal took the major initiative by committing itself towards corporate social responsibility; the company is the signatory of the French Union of Advertisers' Charter (Sustainable Development Repo rt, 2007). The company has launched the L'Oreal Corporate Foundation; this foundation has taken significant initiatives for the promotion of education and healthcare. The foundation was launched with an initial budget of '40 million for a period of five years. The company has been a signatory of Bali Communiqu'; and has therefore undertaken measures towards carbon-dioxide emission reduction and water conservation (Sustainable Development Report, 2007). The precise introduction in actual interprets the product development strategy of the company. The cosmetic industry is regarded as a challenging market with several local and foreign brands; therefore the brand is always in a tough position to achieve market shares in countries where people with conservative approach survive. L'Oreal has realized that through international label it will never achieve market shares, rather for securing shares in distinct cultural society the company has to initially personify traditional approach. The initiatives undertaken by the company in the social, educational and healthcare sector is an attempt to seek acceptance among the distinct. The packaging of the cosmetic product is another crucial area to ensure and achieve product development. The packaging of the cosmetic products as per customer-specific requirements has influenced the product development strategy of the company. The core of the product development scheme is to achieve customer satis faction, and in special cases, it has been to direct the customer towards certain revelations for the improvement of living standards. The company has taken initiatives to ensure that manufacturing of the products includes environmental friendly items, and the recyclable items have been given ample focus. The major drift towards the environmental aspects by the company has been with the intent to secure acceptance among masses. The new and refined version of product development has brought laurels and success for the company. Â  

Firewalls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Firewalls - Essay Example (2013). Performance and Information Security Evaluation with Firewalls. International Journal Of Security & Its Applications, 7(6), 355-372. doi:10.14257/ijsia.2013.7.6.36 8 A firewall is a device (it could be software or hardware system) that disallows any illegitimate access towards or from a network. (Davis et al.,  2011, p.  xx-xx) Firewalls can be employed in either software or hardware or by combining both of them. Today firewalls are mostly configured to stop unauthorized access from the internet to the private local area networks (LANs) connected with the internet. Firewalls are configured to monitor all the data that enters or leaves the Intranet. It examines every packet and drops those that do not fulfill security standards set by network security engineers. Packet filtering firewall is one of the basic firewall that works on transport and network layer of TCP/IP layering model. (In Vacca,  2014, p.  152-153)A packet filtering firewall monitors packets that are coming in or going out of the network. It accepts or rejects packets on the basis of criteria defined during its configuration. Filtering of packet is pretty effective and transparent to users. One main disadvantage of packet filtering is that it is hard to configure.   1. IP-address of the source. Thick check should be made essentials as most of time IP spoofers change the source IP to show the source of the packet from somewhere else, instead of showing the original source. Application level firewall is generally an application specific firewall. It is configured with a set of application-specific rules that can give control over the network traffic of on the user’s level. (Kizza,  2014, p.  134-135) The main functionality of application layer firewall is to manage internet browsing, filtering emails and its attachment, and transferring of files. Traffic coming inside the network or going outside the network can be denied or allowed on the basis of the different set rules. These rules

Punic war and its influence on roman domination of mediterranean Essay

Punic war and its influence on roman domination of mediterranean - Essay Example The Romans developed a system of written communication and numbers that are still in use today and, with this ability to record information, were also able to develop elaborate feats of technology. They introduced the concept of civil engineering and developed many new forms of architectural design such as the Roman arch. They were able to exert this type of long-range influence thanks largely to their successes experienced during the Punic Wars. To understand the tremendous influence the Romans were able to garner out of these victories, it is necessary to have some background into the three wars that are collectively referred to as the Punic Wars, the reach of this influence and the way in which this influence managed to dominate the thinking and culture of what has become known as the ‘Western’ world. The first Punic War was fought on the island of Sicily in 264 BC (Hooker, 1996). However, the beginning of the war seems somewhat confused. â€Å"Carthage occupied the Sicilian town of Massana in 264 BC, after the Mamertines, a group of mercenaries, appealed to Carthage for help against Hiero II, king of Syracuse (a Sicilian city-state). This concerned Rome, since Massana is in the northeast corner of Sicili, very near the Greek towns of Italy which fell under Roman protection. Once the problem with Heiro II was solved, the Mamertines appealed to Rome for aid in fighting off the Carthaginians† (Stackhouse, 2007). While Carthage looked forward to winning a new port placed in an ideal position for achieving domination over the entire Mediterranean, Rome felt winning the city would provide them with a strong location for land defense. â€Å"Although the two powers had no quarrel before, they also had no shared racial or cultural heritage† (Stackhouse, 2007). With Rome bes ieging the cities, Carthage opted to break

Japan Exchange Rate Regime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Japan Exchange Rate Regime - Essay Example The major currency that is used in Japan is Yen and all matters related to the currency were normally administered by the Ministry of Finance. However, the administration was carried out with the cooperation of the Ministry of International Trade (MITI) and Industry and the bank of Japan. MITI also handled licenses related to exports and imports. However, the authority for approving major payments was given to the authorized banks in Japan.Studies reveal that trade in Japan was being regulated by the government directly before 1949. During this time, the country practiced multiple exchange rates. However, the direct control by the government was gotten rid of in 1949 and a new system that was meant to regulate foreign trade was introduced since the market economy was under transition. This was meant to ensure that the foreign trade system in the country would be compatible with the market economy that was in transition. Japan also shifted from plural exchange rate regime to the singl e exchange rate regime. This regime continued to play as the dominant force in Japan until the early 1960s. The major force that interrupted the performance of the Japanese currency was the US dollar. In this case, Japan sustained a fixed exchange rate of 360.00 Yen for every US dollar up to 1971. However, in 1971, the Yen was permitted to float above its fluctuation ceiling whereby an effective fluctuation rate was implemented. However, since the US dollar continued to devalue, the Bank of Japan was forced to place a control that would regulate the exchange rate and facilitate a floating basis . (Trading Economics b, 2012). The Effective rate of Japan was later set in a manner that allowed it to float in a free manner. However, since the floating exchange rate was introduced in Japan in 1973, the economy of Japan has been experiencing significant fluctuations while dealing with foreign exchange rates. The Interbank Rate was also in traduced in Japan in 1973. In this case, the Yen w as supposed to be determined on the basis of the demand and supply forces in the Japanese economy. The bank of Japan was only supposed to intervene whenever the Yen was observed to be fluctuating in an abnormal manner in the currency market (The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000). Discuss three relationships that describe the behavior of exchange rate Covered Interest Rate Parity (CIP) Interest rate parity describes an equilibrium situation whereby investors are normally indifferent regarding the interest rates that are available on the bank deposits between two countries. However, since this condition does not always hold, investors are normally provided with an opportunity to earn riskless profits while under the covered interest arbitrage mechanisms (Economy watch, 2012). Therefore, in the case where the no-arbitrage condition is satisfied while under the use of a forward contract that would help to hedge against the risks that are present in the exchange rate markets. In thi s case, the interest rate is described as covered. In this case, the forward exchange rate sustains an equilibrium state (Trading Economics b, 2012). In this case, the return on the dollar to dollar deposits normally equals to the return on the dollar to foreign deposits. This means that the potential for making profits in the case of covered interest arbitrage is eliminated. Moreover, the covered interest rate parity also helps while determining forward exchange rate. For example, assuming japans currency trades at par with the US currency and the interest rate in Japan is 6 percent while the interest rate in the US is 3 percent, then it would be advisable to borrow the currency of the US and convert it in the spot market to the currency of Japan when all other factors are held

The effectiveness of residential programs in treating addiction Research Paper

The effectiveness of residential programs in treating addiction - Research Paper Example This behavior is a result of the effects of prolonged exposure to drugs on brain functioning. Addiction has an effect on multiple circuits of the brain including those involved learning, memory, motivation, reward and those that control behavior (Doweiko, 2009). Treatment of addiction is not simple because addiction disrupts many aspects in the life of an individual. Effective addiction treatment programs incorporate a lot of components. Each component is directed to a particular aspect of the illness. Addiction treatment should be focused on helping an individual stop drug use, maintain a lifestyle that is drug-free, and attain productivity in the family, in society and at work. The fact that addiction is a disease means that people cannot stop using drugs at once and be cured. Many patients require long-term treatment and care to achieve sustained abstinence and recover from addiction. Clinical practice and scientific research have demonstrated the importance of continuous care in treatment of addiction. Residential treatment centers form the best line of defense against drug addiction and several other compulsive behaviors. Although there are various levels of care for treating addiction such as one-on-one therapy, day treatment, and outpatient treatment, residential treatment is considered to be the most effective approach to rehabilitation for health disorders that are behavior related. Â  Thousands of residential treatment centers are available for individuals undergoing addiction recovery. The centers are geared towards dealing with all types of compulsions and addictions so as to assist the millions of addicts get their lives back on track. Residential treatment programs are highly effective, especially for severe addiction problems. An example is the highly structured programs referred to as therapeutic communities where patients reside for 6 to 12 months (Doweiko, 2009). Therapeutic communities differ from other

The Conflict Resolution Process in Teams Research Paper

The Conflict Resolution Process in Teams - Research Paper Example Of all resources an organization has in its disposal none is perhaps as relevant and important to the success of the organization than the human resources. Human resources if managed well hold the key to the success of the organization. According to (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992) human resources output is higher when the employee's function as a team than it is the case when employees do not work as teams. A synergetic effect is what results when organizations embrace team spirit. However, creating functional and efficient teams calls for expertise, tolerance and a lot of motivation on the part of the organization. Teams enable employees to exploit their potential and therefore increase job performance. A team consists of members with diverse experience, skills and qualification, cultures and business backgrounds. To an organization, this translates into the potential for success. However, as (Cranny, Smith, & Stone, 1992) notes team building process is a challenging process that can present numerous challenges to the management. However, teams have disadvantages such as reduced independence of talented and capable workers, social loafing as well as bureaucracy hence time wastage (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005).      Tajfel and Turner, (1979) classifies teams into functional teams which consist only of members drawn from various departments, self-managed teams which are formed to meet some specific goals and objectives and function with little or no supervision, task forces are teams constituted to oversee completion of specific projects, while process improvement teams are comprised of experts as well as technocrats in a given field. Formation of working teams presents the following challenges to leaders; establishing strong team leadership, difficulty in establishing positive interpersonal relationships, fear of the teams failing to meet set goals which translate to wasted resources as well as the possibility of members of the team failing to adapt well into the team. These challenges lead to conflicts in the group. As (Cote, & Morgan, 2002) notes, conflicts are not necessarily detrimental to the success of the organization. If well-resolved conflicts have numerous advantages and disadvantages alike. If well-managed conflicts serve as a bonding experience and an opportunity for the team members to learn and reunite something which results in the team emerging more strong, and ready for the challenges ahead. According to (Sims, & Manz, 1995) in modern business organizations, teams are indispensable something which explains the reasons for meetings and committees in most modern organizations.   

What would happen in a market that is transformed from a perfectly Essay

What would happen in a market that is transformed from a perfectly competitve market to a pure monopoly - Essay Example Competition not only helps the customer but also the company itself. The constant challenge to outdo the rival helps companies to stretch an extra mile and work optimally. Barriers to entry keep the businesses constrained and discourage them to enter the market. In a perfectly competitive market a lot of suppliers of goods and service exist, a lot of buyers exist, the barriers to entry are non-existent and the market is characterised by non externalities. In a pure monopoly the demand curves of market and the firm are identical. However, in a pure competition the demand curves are different for both market and firm. The demand curve of the firm is perfectly elastic because it sells product or service at the equilibrium price. Natural monopolies exist without any regulation in place but due to the technological and cost advantages of the company. The prospective entrant can not afford to invest in the technology or share cost advantages of the initial firm in the same industry. For example, DeBeers has control over the natural resource of diamonds. Practically all diamonds in the world have come into the control of DeBeers in South Africa. IBM enjoyed monopoly for a long time because of copyrighting and patents rules. Gas, electric and bus companies are usually monopolies in their respective country because of the huge cost of capital and maintenance cost. Monopolies are often call price setters and many exploit their status to discriminate price for its consumers. In real world, pure monopolies have mostly been characterised as less efficient. Pure monopolies supply is hardly equal to the market’s demand. The consumer are constrained by making alternate choices as there is no other firm in the same industry. This has grave implications on the society we live in. The self interest battle between the pure monopoly and the society can cause loss of goodwill for the monopolies. However, natural pure monopolies do not exploit the

Popular Music, Television, and Film Stars Essay Example for Free

Popular Music, Television, and Film Stars Essay Everyone at all ages have grown up admiring and idealizing at least on celebrity, be that an actor, singer or any other famous person. What they do not ask while they are young is whether our idols are people we should be looking up to. Usually when people become older they realize that their role models at the time are not someone they would want their children idolizing now. They come to the conclusion that the person they looked up to wasn’t who they truly were, it was all an act. So should a celebrity be considered a true leader? That is worth debating. By using three characteristics of celebrities it will be known whether or not a celebrity has the potential to be a good leader. To begin, a celebrity can be known for many things, but a leader and great role model is not always one of them. One characteristic of a celebrity is being perfect. Is being perfect possible? No, but Paris Hilton is an example of someone who thinks they need to diet uncontrollably and get plastic surgery to make them seem perfect. This is not nearly close enough to be a true leader, because she is giving children the wrong idea; that it’s okay to be unhealthy and to bad things to your body just to look perfect so everyone likes them. The opposition may argue that it’s not always their fault. An example of this would be Demi Lavato. She suffered from bulimia and dieted because she didn’t like the way she looked. However they are wrong because although she couldn’t control her disease, there is no reason she should have hated herself in the beginning. We need to teach the children of this generation that it’s okay to look different. Not everyone needs to wear tons of makeup and be stick thin. A celebrity who can show all of these ideas is one who is truly a leader. Subsequently, everyone is selfish in their life for their own reasons, but should children look up to people who are selfish all the time? A successful celebrity gets money, fame, and anything they virtually want, but that is not a reason they should be selfish. An example of a selfish celebrity would be Kim Kardashion. Everything she does is related to how she can get more fame. Her tv show, her clothes line, her perfume, even her marriage was to give her more publicity. This is not what a leader would do. The opposition would argue that everyone is selfish so why can’t celebrities be who they are; however, they are wrong because although everyone is selfish it’s not as bad as celebrities and non-famous people aren’t the ones trying to get children and  fans to be just like them. Children need to learn that it is important to set aside time to help those who need more help than they do. John Cena is a great example of this. He is a famous wwe wrestler who gets paid a lot and has many fans, however, he takes the time to support the American Red Cross and goes to see children with diseases and cancer to try and make their day better. This is a great way to show how to be a leader. Lastly, something very common in the celebrity world is failed marriages. How are the newer generation’s children supposed to know that, although what t hey see on the tv and in magazines, they are really supposed to marry someone because they love them and want to be with them for the rest of their lives? â€Å"Till death do us part.† right? Wrong the tv, music, and famous world is showing that it’s okay if marriages don’t work out, that they can just find someone else or someone’s at that matter. These celebrities like Kim Kardashion and Kris Humphries were married for 10 months. The only reason they got married was because marrying a famous basketball player with lots of money would defiantly give Kim the publicity she wanted. The opposition may argue that it’s their life and there’s no reason they should be judged by their private life; however, they are wrong because when someone is brought into this industry, their private life is all everyone hears about. Just because they are famous doesn’t mean they can’t get married because of love. An example of a good couple that shows a leader quality would be Tim McGraw and Faith Hill. They are both country singers and have been married for 16 years with three children. Who said that marriage in showbiz had to end so soon? A leader isn’t someone willing to stage a fake marriage for a bigger fan base. Concisely, these days it is getting increasingly hard to tell the difference between a true leader and role model from a fake one. In the celebrity business there are three characteristics such as, perfection, selfishness, and fakeness that results in, are once role models turning into people who we look down upon. It is important to look at people for who they are as a person and what they can do for the people around them, rather than idolizing people for their fashion, money and fame.

Effects of Drugs and Alcohol to the Body Essay Example for Free

Effects of Drugs and Alcohol to the Body Essay The effects of drugs and alcohol may vary on the kind of drug, the dosage, the frequency, the persons’ body element and metabolism, and the type of personality. According to the American Academy of child and adolescent psychiatry, 20 million adults in the United States abused alcohol and half of these abusers were teenagers. Teens usually perceive drugs and alcohols as a solution to their problems, to gain popularity, to become active, to have pleasure and at times due to curiosity and peer pressure. They simply disregard the fact that this will only harm their bodies, mess up their entire lives, and could even lead them to death. The effects of these substances are danger to human brain and body. Drugs are considered pervasive. It compromises the ability of the body to function well. It affects both physical and psychological aspects. Over consumption or tolerance to this effect can lead to physiological problem. Pathophysiology traces alcohol primarily on blood. Because alcohols are permeable to the cell membrane of the body, it can easily diffuse to the bloodstream and causes â€Å"blood-sludging† of which blood vessels are being plug up while the tissues and oxygen of the body are being starve, thus causing cell death. Further breaking of the blood vessels and cell death causes malfunction of the system of the body causing excessive bleeding or hemorrhage, predisposing factor of cancer and leading to death. Other effect of high concentration alcohol level on the blood is the depletion of red and white blood count which is the main component of the blood. Common blood disorders are anemia, bone marrow depression, and inability to fight infections. The first step in alcohol abuse treatment is detoxification. A doctor will give a prescription for one to have a high dose of medication for the first day of not drinking alcohol. In the succeeding days of the week, the patient will slowly lessen the dose of the medicine. The medicine usually reduces withdrawal symptoms â€Å"A breathalyser may be used to confirm that you are not drinking† (http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/27000488/What is detoxification?). It is important for the patient to have the support of his family amidst his medication process in order for him to gain motivation and inspiration. In treating drug addicts, it is advised for them to undergo Cognitive behavior therapy. This kind of therapy is also used in treating alcohol abuse. Many drugs and alcohol users are from a situation of hardships and problems in life. They find drugs and alcohol as coping mechanism. â€Å"Cognitive behavior therapy is based on the idea that feelings and behaviors are caused by a persons thoughts, not on outside stimuli like people, situations and events† (http://alcoholism.about.com/od/effect/The_Effects_of_Alcohol_and_Drugs.htm). In this kind of therapy, the therapist will make the patient recognized the situations and reasons why he is taking drugs and alcohol. The first thing taught in this therapy is how to do away from situations like those and how they can cope with it. The Cognitive Therapy may lasts until 12 sessions or depending upon the progress of the patient. Again, family support is vital in the process of treatment. BIBLIOGRAPHY Dunlap, M. P.. Biological Impacts Of Alcohol Use: An Overview. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.oregoncounseling.org/ArticlesPapers/Documents/ETOHBIOFx.htm Effects of Alcohol on the Body. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.therightmix.gov.au/pdfs/EffectsOnBody.pdf Teens: Alcohol and other Drugs. Retrieved August 6, 2007 from http://www.aacap.org/page.ww?section=Facts+for+Familiesname=Teens%3A+Alcohol+And+Other+Drugs Alcohol detoxification. Rtrieved August 8, 2007 http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/27000488/What is detoxification? http://alcoholism.about.com/od/effect/The_Effects_of_Alcohol_and_Drugs.htm

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios

Analysis On Indian International Business Scenarios The world that we live in today has progressed dramatically in almost all aspects. Considering these changes and trends in the course of time, we can relate from our observation that international business and its activities also have rather gone in for a change. When we reflect back to certain course of progression, especially international business scenario we can see and subsequently observes the many notable changes in and around us. Important feature to be noted initially can also be surmised towards Globalization and its impact today that have taken its course since the late 80s. In that context, the role and impact of globalization also have tremendously given a new dimension for international business and meaning in all matter thereof. Above all, international business today also designate and defines a hyper activity that have gone for a change altogether. A change for all the good reason though. But what defines international business or the meaning of its concepts? To be p recise in that regard, international business can be understood as to involve the exchange of goods and services across or within international and national boundaries for the sole purpose of commercial reasons. In addition, international business is also understood as an exchange process involving relationships, input and outputs, between social actions located in different countries. And there is every reason to relate that international business can be influenced by certain factors that are noncommercial as well such as social and political scenario, which together is in consideration. (Mohammad Reza Vaghefi, 1991, p. 4) Assimilating the meaning of international business from the aforementioned definition, we should acknowledge the fact that international business today provides abundant avenues. To top it all, the course of international business in the current state of affairs have advanced to a crucial and critical stage in all matters. What we can relate to the course of inte rnational business in the current state of affairs is the notion that understanding its features and the many interrelated factor is also very essentials, so as to drive home the idea. In doing so, we feel it would be pertinent that should be reflected constructively. In that essence, it is pertinent that issues and factor in consideration for the discourse of this work also is clarified. The following paragraph thus relates the issue in consideration. Identification of Issue and Objective: An Overview As we have surmised above to the notion of international business, analyzing its pertinent factors is crucial. In the discourse of this work and its analysis we can relate that international business as a subject study is a hot topic of discussion. Debate, discussion and arguments thus pertaining in favor and against international business also is constantly a matter of attention grabber, given the huge stakes in it. Hence, herein we can relate as to where the significant feature of the subject matter probable arguments stem from. Considering these factors, it should be clarified that the purpose and objective of this work in parts is to trace the relevancy of international and its role today. Comparative analysis thus is one domain that is central to the issue in consideration. To be precise, we are of the opinion that international business scenario today extrapolates an avenues for theories to be implied practically. Thus, the purpose of this work overall is to reflect upon features of international business scenario, its role and impact. In that sense, India as an international Business destination comes as a preferred country to reflect our analysis. The following questions also stems out:- What are the relation of relation of India and its participation in international trade and FDI intercalation? How the stocks, direction, volume and composition on international business scenario take shapes in India? Who constitutes major trading partner with India? That is to say, the Who whos on the list of India trade partners. How treaties, bilateral ties and all in between are integrated and streamlines in matter of internal business discourse? Subject to these questions, we feel the salient features in it also cannot just be viewed in general. There is reason enough that relating about international business should be based on certain background. In recent times India participation in international business reflects to the course of India emerging role in international business. Add to it, experts are of the opinion that international business in India today is lucrative enough and provides greater avenues and opportunities platforms. Yet the scope for improvement is also there. (Anonymous) In conjunction with the above concise historical sketch, we can augment that India today is in a progressive stage of dramatic developments. There is no denying the fact. India and its discussion in international scenario also readily grab attention for the sheer element attached to it. As a developing nations, India today have done exceedingly well enough in maintaining its economic and social growth constantly; subsequently attracting international investments, and extending its socio-cultural and economic relations across international borders. To top it all, the driving force in context of India dramatic rise in international business scenario also can be related to its political environment that have been stable to facilitate ties, trade and bilateral relation, which are crucial to international business to take roots. In the global stage, India today is viewed upon as the rising economic power in the making, and most importantly preferred investment destinations. Considering these aspects, we feel it would be prudent that theories of Trade and FDI should be taken as a first course of the structural process in order to assimilate the salient feature of international business and its activity in India, which is as follows. Theories of Trade and FDI International business and its discussion is rather complex in a sense. Thus, it is crucial that to understand the meaning of international theory and trend should form a part of this discussion. What we can assume from our observation of international business scenario is the fact that macro and micro-economics play a significant role in international business and its discourse. In that capacity, macroeconomic theories on internationalization reflect the salient features towards traditional approach to trade and FDI (Foreign Domestic Investment), as well as an interrelated theory on fragmentation. In that essence, it should be understood that macroeconomic theory provides an insight on the basic driving force of economies and its activities, which is thus based upon internationalization and its processes and procedures. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Theoretically, the subject relation and pattern of internationalization and its discussion at most instances reflect or combine traditional macroeconomic theories that lay emphasis upon trade and FDI. We cant deny this fact considering that without relevant trade agreements, ties and FDI the very object of international business doesnt make sense at all. Moreover, approaches towards international business also verily take a starting discourse from within the domains of trade and FDI. Thus, trade and FDI in context of international business and macroscopic theory forms an important part and foundation of internationalization and its processes. Hence, understanding trade in one part and common approaches towards FDI is also crucial to drive home the idea. The question that arises thus is what constitutes the features of trade in international business? Laying emphasis on this notion, we are of the opinion that trade in international business is one important approach. Trade in context of international business and macroeconomic theory defines the notion of purchasing in spot markets without any barrier. That is to say international business approach at the core undertakes and shape trading scenario with other countries within and across international borders. Ricardo model thus is considered to be the best explanation to international trade approach. (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) What is significant to Ricardo model can be reflected towards comparative advantage due to trade. Given thus, different partner are required to carry out trade for comparative advantage and to streamline the process of internationalization. To derive th e meaning of it, we feel it should be exemplified to certain cases related to India today. As we are aware, today India plays a crucial emerging role in export and import for different commodities to sustain and facilitate the economic process. Internationalization has opened up large avenues for India to trade with likeminded parties in the international market. Take for instance US, UK, China, etc. Latest news highlight in regard to trade concerning India reflects that India is more likely to open up dialogue towards bilateral trade and ties with trading partners, which is one central factor of international trade and its policy. Such highlights also reflects India emerging role in internationalization. (EconomicTimes, 2010) Apart from trade, considering the salient features of FDI at best can be drawn to the meaning of it in simple form. Foreign Domestic Investment when approached to international business defines the changing structure of property owners in the country invested in. That is to say, ownership of the course of investment takes a different shape. FDI thus can be differentiated between the following:- Greenfield investment: It relate to factor such as when a new plant is established in a foreign country. Vertical integration: Vertical integration to FDI approaches relate to factor of acquisition of supplier along the value chains Horizontal Integration: Concerning horizontal integration, the meaning of it concerns the mergers of companies from a position of the value chains. In that capacity, the best example that we can cite is the emergence of MNC (Multinational Companies). (Vogelsang, 2010, p. 84) Assimilating these theoretical meaning, we are of the opinion that its approaches is also very crucial. Take for example case scenario in India today. What we can relate to Indian Economic process is the mushrooming number of MNC in most sectors and industry. Such a development is good and perfect to facilitate growth, internationalization and to derive the meaning of international business concepts. What we can speculate is that FDI in India was initiated way back in 1992. In two decade from then, today FDI has played a crucial role in the development of the economy, and to a certain degree enabling India to maintain progressive growth, financial stability and raising the standards of living. (EconomyWatch) Considering these aspects as detailed above in context of theories of trade and FDI, we feel India have tremendously had a share of its practical implication in all matter thereof, which we can conclude that FDI and Trade have had a major impact on India Economic process since the late eighties due to the direct impact of internationalization and its process. Social Cultural Forces: Its aspects and Impacts in India Culturally, India displays a unique substance and essence when benched marked on the cultural fronts. But it should also be understood that India of the yesteryears and today are two different cultural identities. Speaking, it doesnt mean to relate the features that India has lost its sheen of traditional aspects, but the change in the cultural domains that have been witnessed all these years that have reshaped the image ion India in international context. In the 21st century today, the cultural face of India displays a sheer combination of improvements in all aspects. Let consider herein the features that can be related towards work ethics and its culture. In that aspect, we are of the notion that the emergence of India and its transgression into international scenario have redefined the scope of its work ethics overall. India today displays a sheer combination of progression all domains of the economy and its processes. As we have related earlier, FDI, foreign Trade, and stocks hav e progressed dramatically in the current state of affairs that is often credited to the rise of India middle class society. India today is viewed upon as a nation that offers tremendous growth factor when it concern works, given the work ethics that reflects international trends. This is also one attracting features. To top it all, such a progression in recent times has opened up avenues of possibilities for India to transform its work culture by benefitting directly from international business and comparative management and practices. Above all, skilled manpower and the emergence of powerful middle class in the society today also have given a new dimension to India work ethics that is diverse in its scope and reach. (Anonymous) Put it to India growth rate today that is calculated to be at 9%, the very essence of it also mirrors the specific fact of India better work culture (RAGHAVAN) to have taken shape. In the second instance relating to India cultural domains in areas such as family, kingship, religion and traditional cultural aspects, its course have also undergone dramatic changes. Yet it should be understood that despite the changes all around, India havent part with its traditional cultural identity. India as a nation today displays a sheer combination of modernity with a dash and perfect blend of traditions. That also perfectly defines India social cultural essence, which we can conclude is due to the outcome of direct impact of the internationalization process. Moreover, the economic process in India today can be subjected towards social cultural impact is significant in the effort of sustain growth and maintain constraint development in all aspects of its economic, social and political processes. However, we feel that without relating to the aspects encompassing India Education, health, gender equality and most important people attitudes, the very object of social cultural d iscussion also cannot be complete. Considering these features, we feel that in the health sector accelerating growth defines the same in India. Justifying the same, we can augment our point by relating towards India role in upgrading its health sector to facilitate better facilities and to derive the direct effect of it in context of international business environment. Entry of private sector is one important step towards upgrading service quality in Indian health industry. Moreover, the impact of corporatization and comparative trends also has significantly brought about new norms to be followed. Thus, improvements in health related scenario have dramatically improved, wherein the direct impact of internationalization also can be reflected with strata such as the emerging trend of integrating technology, telemedicine and medical tourism. (TradeChakra) As per available report with CBC news dated way back to 2004, there is a highlight in which it relates that India is preferred desti nation for medical activities, be it for individuals form US, Canada or elsewhere. The simple fact to such a change in trends can be looked upon the scenario of Indian Medical industry that has progressed dramatically. To top it all, the cost factor also plays a significant role towards Indian medical industry trends that is fast catching up worldwide and considered to be a multi-billion industry in the making. (CBCNews, 2004) As for educational sectors, literary rate among Indian inhabitants today should directly relate to the impact of international process within the socio-cultural environment and its impact. When compared to wards the current state and two decades down the line, India Education sector also improved dramatically in recent times. Compulsory Education Act passed by the parliament in 2009 signify a serious efforts made by India policy makers to reaps the benefits of Education today. The landmark Education Acts and free Education Policy is with an outlook to facilitate the increasing needs for education among citizens. (IndiaEduNews, 2009) In addition, as per India literacy census commencing 2001 there is indication that literary rate have notch an overall 65%, in which male literacy rate is calculated at 75%, whereas for females the literacy rate is 53%. Benchmarking with 1991 census, there is a dramatic improvement in the educational front as well, (IndiaGovermentReport, 2005) which indic ates the rise of India in the global stage. (India Literacy Graph Annexure I attached at the End) Assimilating these facts, we feel that there is a great scope for investment within the Education or Health sector in India. Above all, the changing demographic also signify India emergence in the international scenario. Hence, considering these aspects, we feel that their role towards international business environment is also very significant. Surprisingly from socio-cultural perspectives, gender equality in India also has gone for a change. Societal attitudes towards women, their role, status and equity have been redefined. India constitutional impact in that regard also professes gender equality as fundamental rights, which barred the subjugation, disparity and discrimination of women folks in the society. Empowering women and the role played by India policy makers also signifies an emergence of India in the international platform. (AzadIndiaFoundation, 2010) Thus, what we see today in and around are the rise of women power within the corporate sectors, where their role is being recognized as befitting towards socio-cultural developments. Thus, accumulating together the analysis as stated above, we are of the opinion that India social and cultural forces, its impact and aspects have given a new dimension in context of international business environment. Natural Environment and Sustainability In international management and its study, understanding the relationship of natural environment and sustainability is also one important attribute. Hyper international activities today rings back the crucial element and question of natural environment and sustainability. Likewise, it should also be acknowledged that natural environment is often a critical factor, given that it is the source of support for everything used in business, such as sources of energy, life sustaining factors and other elements. Hence, the natural environment in all instances determines what can be done in the society and how institutions can functions. Above all, resource availability is the most fundamental factor in the development of business in societies (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) We feel the natural environment in contemporary India have rather gone for a drastic change in all aspects. Aas per available reports, India land area is a vast coverage of approximately 1,229,737 sq. mi. That is to say, land area coverage in India is about 3,287,590 sq. km approx. The climatic condition in India varies from tropical to temperate in parts of India geographical locations. The topography of India is surrounded by the Deccan plateau in the southern region, deserts in the western region and the Himalayas in the northern region. (IndianChild) To top it all, natural environment infrastructure is India is also in a developing stage, with much scope for further development. The infrastructure for water supply, ground water management is in tune with the current need and requirement of the contemporary trend. However, the sad state of affairs is that sustainable features are yet to derive it course. Although green revolution in India has started way back since the late 80s, b ut most of its impact is within the agricultural domain, considering that India is an agricultural country. (Chandra, 2004, pp. 127-130) But what is not surprising to note is the fact that since independence industrialization has transformed the natural development course of India. In all instance, the combining discourse towards natural environment and sustainability is a major things that gets policy makers a hard time. What we can relate to the point of natural environment and sustainability in India is the fact that increasing urbanization has brought in it the baggage of many harmful effects. Yet we can be sure to speculate that Indian natural environment that influence international business is well balanced. However, much grounds work need to be initiated to propagate a sustainable development course that can further rings in the benefits for the society. The important aspects of natural environment in maintaining sustainable growth in facilitating the process of internationalization cannot be brushed aside. To top it all, Scholars also have asserted that at the course of any social system is the natural environment and the available technology. In that aspect, these factors also define the possibility of human actions in the society. (Cherunilam, 2007, p. 112) The good news is that Indian policy makers are realizing the impact of globalization; both negative and positive features, to have subsequently initiated certain grounds rules to asses the natural environment constructively and to propagate sustainable development course as a measure. In the context, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in India defines the purpose and scope of it through its process that translate into impact assessment that is officially recognized towards an essential exercise in the course of implementing development projects. The formation of Department o f Environment in India in 1980 is also with the sole aim to access factor that can harness sustainable development in tune with internationalization. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 247) We can further comment that, India is fortunate enough to have the richness of its natural resources and abundant diversity of living resources. Thus the need of the time is to adequately manage such aspect of natural environment, in order to harness the development course for all time. The salient feature in that essence also can be laid emphasis to the degree that a nation can prosper only when resource of the environment is utilized efficiently to satisfy human needs and expectation. (Ghosh, 2003, p. 313) Assimilating the abovementioned discussion, what we drive home from the idea on natural environment and sustainability in context of international business can be related towards the trends that have shifted towards ethics in discourse, and factor the determines the course of business to flourish and take course. We are aware that increasing internationalization has also added up a bundle of ethical issues to crop up. One example in that regard is the diminishing factor of natural resources and its reserves. Due to internationalization, environmental concerns also have increasingly grown. Cases as such can be reflected towards global warming and its effects due to direct impact of international business and its increasing activity. Moreover, increasing dependent of the modern society and nations upon natural resources also have threaten to change the very face of the natural environment, such as natural reserves of fossil fuels; impacting the ecological process and physical phenomeno n in due course. Finally what we can conclude is that policy makers in India are facilitating the right course of action to harness the impact of globalization, which posits the point of natural environment and sustainability. Economic and Socio-Economic Factors In international business, economic and socio-economic factor also plays a significant influential role. To be precise, we are of the opinion that the economic process today is governed and influenced by social forces. There is no denying this fact. What is relevant to the study of socio-economic forces can be laid emphasis to the notion that social trends and its impact directly have a role to play in socioeconomic process. But what are those social forces that directly shapes the determine norms to the economic process? To top it all, do social institutions also constitutes a part of the process? To this notion, the answer is yes, given that social institution today has a major and central role to contribute towards socioeconomic integration and its processes. To identify social forces, we should understand that much of it is related to posit a factor or force that has a direct relation with social phenomena with the capability to cause change in all forms of its interaction proces ses. Assimilating this notion we bring to the subject discussion that social forces can either be identified with the cultural, institutional and other aspects. Speaking of institutions, we are aware that their presence and role in the society today is central. In India for instance, institution to a large extent influence the socio-economic process. We are aware that India is a democratic nation. Hence, impact and direct interaction of social institutions almost make a mark in all aspects concerning economic process. Take for instance a bank, as an institution play a major part in facilitating economic process, and yet bridge a way to internationalization processes. Without financial institution, the unsanitary economic discourse would not have been possible. To top it all, the role media plays in India and elsewhere also directly influences the social phenomena in one form or the other. As we are aware, in international business Public relation is a major part of the overall consideration. Through media forms awareness can be facilitated concerning many crucial facts and significant discourse. Thus, what we see is that advancement in technology also often rings in the social change process, and trends to take shape. In that regard, socio-economic process finds its consideration to the change in patterns and attitude of people to certain phenomena. In that regard, policy makers also find a hard time to bridge the gap that arises due to socio-economic aspects. In India the same phenomena is also being observed, especially relating to technology and its impact. What we can reflect to this notion is the fact that technology advancement is often known to further extend the gap between rural and urban development. For example, the case can be traced to the extensive use of internet in urban households. However, benchmarking it with rural households there is a large gap, which often worries policy makers today. (Wal J. Taylor, 2003.) In that essence, we can trace as to how the socio-economic factor determines the course of actions and likewise. We are aware that contemporary Indi a and the emergence of institutional role have facilitated and assist the country to harness the opportunities of globalization. What the social institution have played in India can be reflected towards the governmental agencies and their policies. It is through the interaction of the social institution that policies such as economic linearization have seen the face of daylight in India. To top it all, policies related to foreign trade, investment and political participations also have been possible due to the simple facts of institutional role in all instance. Thus what we can drive home the point in that regard is that through social-economic interaction, India today have been able to harness the befitting force in facilitating economic, social, and political growth and development. Fact sheets available with CIA fact book also trace the important element attached to the discussion in this regard. (CIAWorldFActBook, 2010) Assimilating the above discussion, we feel that social institutions be it government agencies and the likes have played a significant role to influence the process of economic activities in India. To cite an example again, we feel that governmental body and their agencies through the formulation of policies and other agenda facilitates economic integration directly. It is through policies that bilateral ties trade and other aspects in the list of economic and social agenda are being realized through the actions of policy makers and larders. The role that government bodies plays today in a democratic nation is also one of the many course that defines the socio-economic factors. Institution itself can be in many forms that define the aspects comprising organizations; the interaction between people and the likes. Moreover, as we are aware political process also take its course and actions in all aspects of the social and economic process. In current state of affairs in India the same phenomena also can be witnessed. That is why we see a heightened sense of political origination concerning international business and its discussion. The role that Indian leaders play in facilitating ties, bilateral trade and other features of agreements in the international body also can be laid emphasis in context of the social-economic process. As we have detailed in the earlier discussion, political bodies and government agencies also helps to streamline the economic process through their activities in all instances. The point that we want to argue can be laid emphasis towards situation being undertaken in discourse, and subsequently policies being reached out to carry out actions in practical terms. Thus, what we can conclude to the features of this part of the discussion is the fact that social institutions, be it public, private, governmental or NGOs in all instances influence the economic process of a nation. Hence, understanding the socio-economic forces that play a significant role in contemporary India in integral to derive the meaning of it in one form, and to drive home the idea that economic and social factors often determines the course of international business, its interaction. Political and Legal Environment What is political and what is legal are two different features of the meaning and their term. By political we can simply lay emphasis to the aspects encompassing political institution as such. Hence to ring back the meaning of political forces, we feel the best example can be laid emphasis towards governmental bodies, political leadership and the form of democracy in that regard. Often than not, we found ourselves speculating why political forces decides the course of economic process in the global economy today? Would not we have been well off if there have been no interference for political force? To reach our point in that regard we feel it can be the greatest misrepresentation and misunderstanding. There is no question that society today can flourish without any interference from political forces. That world that we live in today also makes it more relevant for political forces to form a part of the process. Without political forces and their interference, the world would have be en in shambles. Thus, the important features of political forces can be traced. India as a democratic nation has come a long way since the first act of parliament was established. Above all, in context of international business, political force and their influence is one important feature. For a foreign investor or businessman, understanding the role of political force in India can help dramatically in facilitating a course that is legit and in the right earnest. What is crucial to the notion of political force in India in context of international business, or likewise can be looked with the aspects encompassing political interaction. As we can relate toward Indian political business discussion, we should initially understand that the discourse of it is complex. Evolving political and business landscape in India in recent time can be traced to the role political leaders and their leadership have played, nationally and internationally to influence the process. In that regard, we are of the opinion that without any political forces, landscape to facilitate and tap ped the impact of globalization also would not have been possible. Crucial point in that regard can be traced back to the

The Great Work of Thomas Jefferson :: Politics Political Essays

The Great Work of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was at the center of American history for more than half a century. He was a man of many talents, he was the author of the Declaration of Independence, and he was the third President of the United States. Thomas Jefferson had many talents. One of his talents was that he was an architectural engineer. With this talent he helped design many things like the city of Washington D.C., the University of Virginia, and his home called Monticello. He designed the rotunda for the University of Virginia library in 1821 (Greene 37). Another talent that he had was that he was a really good writer. Only Abraham Lincoln was equal in writing talents as Jefferson. It was said of Jefferson that he "could put words together and fashion them into a powerful weapon," (Greene 10). He also was a great educator. Jefferson would study fifteen hours every day when he was young, because learning was important to him, (Greene 11). He wanted people to have a chance to learn. So he started the University of Virginia. He planned the buildings and chose the teachers. He was known as the father of the University of Virginia, (Greene 40). He was one of the leading scientists of his day in America. He tried new ways of planting crops and raising animals, (Greene 37). He was one of the first farmers to grow tomatoes in the United States, (Greene 25). One of his other talents was that he was a creative inventor. He invented a machine that could write two copies of a letter at the same time. He invented a tiny elevator called a "dumbwaiter" to carry things up to his dining room from the basement. Jefferson also invented storm windows, a chair that turned, and much more, (Patterson 25). Jefferson was chairman of the committee to write the Declaration of Independence. He was asked by the other four members of the committee to write the first draft of the Declaration. When he wrote the Declaration of Independence, he wrote it with common words and phrases so all could understand the plain truth of his statements. He did not consult a book or pamphlet when writing it. Everything came straight from his mind and heart, (Patterson 36). He made many changes to the Declaration before he was happy with what he wrote. He was known throughout the colonies as a great writer on political issues.

The Seaweed Is Always Greener :: Essays Papeers

The Seaweed Is Always Greener The idealized portrait of love painted in Disney’s The Little Mermaid leaves a sad impression for reality. The love at first sight and concept of a soul mate are not only portrayed as the romanticized â€Å"true love† (a common theme in Disney films) but are questioned by reliance on physical attributes. The necessity to change in order to obtain that love is portrayed to extremity. The film’s focus on â€Å"true love†, and the self sacrifice made to obtain it, give the target audience a notion that it is not only acceptable, but mandatory, to alter one’s self in order to achieve acceptance and love. Ariel’s state of being an unhappy teenage girl targets an audience not only of young girls, like most Disney films, but ones who are unhappy with their life. Her father is portrayed as over-reactive with a volatile temper, which many girls at such an age think of their fathers as being, though he is redeemed throughout the movie. She wants to travel, to run away, and is displeased with her physical attributes, all characteristics of many teenage girls. Her actions, however, make her a poor role model, as she goes through with all these changes. Eric says to Grimsby after being rescued by Ariel that †she’s the one.† All he remembered of her was her song and perhaps a dim recollection of her face. He has made the decision of his life mate based on that alone, a meeting in which he was not even conscious. All he had to do to fall in love with her was to be in her presence, not even awake. They never spoke, never even met eyes, and Eric doesn’t even know that this girl with whom he is in love is not even of the same species as he is. Ariel has a bit more information on Eric, but is caught by his appearance. She is somewhat acquainted with his character from her observations on the side of the boat, but only that which was shown in a brief window. In order to meet him, with no guarantee of success in winning his love, she sacrifices herself to the sea witch. She terminally abandons her family and friends, her home and her life, never able to return, in a gamble to attempt to fulfill her lustful desires.

Telecommunications Essay examples -- essays research papers

What is Telecommunications?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunications enables people around the world to contact one another, to access information instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. It usually involves a sender and one or more recipients linked by a technology, such as a telephone system, or computer network (LANs or WANs), that transmits information from one place to another. Devices used for telecommunications can convert different types of information, such as sound and video, into electronic signals. These signals then can be transmitted to different types of media such as telephone wires, or radio waves. Once the signal reaches its destination it then gets converted back into an understandable message, such as the sound on a telephone, video on a television screen, or pictures on a computer monitor, Telecommunications also allows to send and receive personal messages across town, between countries, and to and from outer space. It also provides the key medium for news, data, information and ente rtainment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunication messages can be sent in a variety of ways, and by a wide range of devices (radios, televisions, telephones, computers, etc.). They can be sent from one sender to a single receiver (point-to-point) or to many receivers (point-to-multipoint). Point-to-point transmission usually involves telephone conversations or a facsimile (fax) message. Point-to-multipoint transmissions (also called broadcasts), provide the basis for commercial radio and television programming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most personal computers communicate with each other and with larger networks, such as the internet, by using the ordinary telephone line. Since the telephone network functions by converting sound into electronic signals, the computer must first convert its digital data into sound. They do this with a device called a modem, which is short for modulator/demodulator. A modem converts a stream of 1s and 0s from a computer into an analog signal that can be transported over a telephone network. The modem of the receiving computer demodulates the analog signal back into a digital form that the computer can understand. The internet can also be accessed by higher speed sources, such as cable, DSL and ISDN.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Telecommunications systems deliver messages using a number of dif... ... they need to be in, or may have several errors contained in them.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Routers – Connect network segments and intelligently direct data. They are used to connect LANs to WANs. It operates at the network layer of the OSI model. The strength of a router lies in its intelligence, they can determine the shortest fastest path between nodes. The internet relies on millions of routers around the world.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Switches – Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces. Operates from the Data Link layer of the OSI model. By having multiple ports, they can make better use of limited bandwidth and prove more cost efficient then bridges. Each port on the switch acts like a bridge, and each device connected to a switch effectively receives its own dedicated channel. In other words, a switch can turn a shared channel into several channels.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Network Operating Systems – A special system software designed to manage data and other resources on a server for a number of clients. Network operating systems also provide the ability to manage network security, network users and groups, protocols, and networked applications.