Book Report on Clara Barton :: Papers

Book Report on Clara Barton Clara Barton tackled numerous social issues of the 1800’s. From making a free school, to being on the cutting edges assisting fighters in the Civil War, with creating the American Red Cross, Clara Barton was a philanthropic person. She battled for what she had faith in and in view of her ceaseless battle for individuals, the world is a better place. Clara Barton was conceived during 1821 in Massachusetts. As a little youngster, Barton took in a lot of tutoring from her more seasoned kin; she took in a wide range of subjects. She took advantage of each instructive lucky break that she was given and she endeavored to get balanced training. Clara Barton would later utilize her instruction to make her own school and in the end help start an association that is as yet utilized today. As a little youngster, Clara was incredibly modest; all things considered, after numerous years she had the option to beat this. Indeed, even as a small kid Clara flourished helping other people. She kept an eye on her wiped out sibling who was seriously harmed by a material mishap all the time. The aptitudes she gained from helping her sibling end up being utilized again when she was on the cutting edge of the Civil War helping injured warriors. At 18 years old, Miss Barton turned into a teacher. She educated at various schools around Massachusetts. Clara saw in one specific town that huge numbers of the understudies didn't go to class that significantly upset her. She needed all youngsters to have the equivalent instructive open door that she had when she was growing up. In the long run, Barton began her own school. It was free. Nonetheless, she didn't remain there for an extensive stretch of time. Clara just educated for merely ten years, instructing had depleted Barton and she yearned for an adjustment in her life. She left the instructing field to move onto another field. Barton moved to Washington DC and she turned into an assistant in the US Patent Office. At the point when the Civil War broke out, Barton decided to leave her situation in the US Patent Office. She began dealing with the war zone as a volunteer. From the outset her essential employment was to appropriate wraps and war supplies to the injured fighters. Barton accepted her position to another extraordinary.

Example Chi-Square Test for a Multinomial Experiment

Model Chi-Square Test for a Multinomial Experiment One utilization of a chi-square circulation is with theory tests for multinomial investigations. To perceive how this theory test functions, we will examine the accompanying two examples.â Both models work through a similar arrangement of steps: Structure the invalid and option hypothesesCalculate the test statisticFind the basic valueMake a choice on whether to reject or neglect to dismiss our invalid hypothesis.â Model 1: A Fair Coin For our first model, we need to take a gander at a coin.â A reasonable coin has an equivalent likelihood of 1/2 of coming up heads or tails. We flip a coin multiple times and record the consequences of an aggregate of 580 heads and 420 tails. We need to test the speculation at a 95% degree of certainty that the coin we flipped is reasonable. All the more officially, the invalid theory H0 is that the coin is reasonable. Since we are looking at watched frequencies of results from a coin hurl to the normal frequencies from a romanticized reasonable coin, a chi-square test ought to be utilized. Process the Chi-Square Statistic We start by processing the chi-square measurement for this situation. There are two occasions, heads and tails. Heads has a watched recurrence of f1 580 with expected recurrence of e1 half x 1000 500. Tails have a watched recurrence of f2 420 with a normal recurrence of e1 500. We currently utilize the recipe for the chi-square measurement and see that χ2 (f1 - e1 )2/e1 (f2 - e2 )2/e2 802/500 (- 80)2/500 25.6. Locate the Critical Value Next, we have to locate the basic incentive for the best possible chi-square circulation. Since there are two results for the coin there are two classifications to consider. The quantity of degrees of opportunity is one not exactly the quantity of classes: 2 - 1. We utilize the chi-square dispersion for this number of degrees of opportunity and see that χ20.953.841. Reject or Fail to Reject? At long last, we contrast the determined chi-square measurement and the basic incentive from the table. Since 25.6 3.841, we dismiss the invalid theory this is a reasonable coin. Model 2: A Fair Die A reasonable pass on has an equivalent likelihood of 1/6 of rolling a one, two, three, four, five or six. We roll a kick the bucket multiple times and note that we roll a one 106 times, a two 90 times, a three 98 times, a four 102 times, a five 100 times and a six 104 times. We need to test the theory at a 95% degree of certainty that we have a reasonable bite the dust. Figure the Chi-Square Statistic There are six occasions, each with anticipated recurrence of 1/6 x 600 100. The watched frequencies are f1 106, f2 90, f3 98, f4 102, f5 100, f6 104, We currently utilize the equation for the chi-square measurement and see that χ2 (f1 - e1 )2/e1 (f2 - e2 )2/e2 (f3 - e3 )2/e3(f4 - e4 )2/e4(f5 - e5 )2/e5(f6 - e6 )2/e6 1.6. Locate the Critical Value Next, we have to locate the basic incentive for the best possible chi-square dispersion. Since there are six classifications of results for the kick the bucket, the quantity of degrees of opportunity is one not as much as this: 6 - 1 5. We utilize the chi-square conveyance for five degrees of opportunity and see that χ20.9511.071. Reject or Fail to Reject? At long last, we contrast the determined chi-square measurement and the basic incentive from the table. Since the determined chi-square measurement is 1.6 is not exactly our basic estimation of 11.071, we neglect to dismiss the invalid theory.

Casa Blanca Key Scenes free essay sample

After the French Resistance specialist is shot the camera face upward consciously at the words â€Å"Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite† at the passageway to a structure, the Palais de Justice, recommending that these are the qualities we ought to yearn for. There is a feeling of expectation in the individuals gazing toward the plane, particularly the youthful couple we see towards the finish of this scene. †Perhaps tomorrow we’ll be on that plane†. Social Context: The initial music has components of a North African flavor †to go with the guide of Africa noticeable in the initial credits. The topic closes with the French National song of devotion, recommending that a French/African (I. . North African) setting or setting is included. The last notes recommend risk and danger. The narrator’s voice over gives valuable data on the social setting: â€Å"With the happening to the subsequent world war numerous eyes in detained Europe turned ideally or franti cally towards the opportunity of the Americas. We will compose a custom article test on Casa Blanca Key Scenes or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Lisbon turned into the extraordinary embarkation point. In any case, not every person could get to Lisbon straightforwardly, thus, a convoluted, indirect evacuee trail jumped up. Paris to Marseille, over the Mediterranean to Oran, at that point via train, or auto, or foot, over the edge of Africa, to Casablanca in French Morocco. Here the blessed ones, through cash or impact or karma, may acquire leave visas and hurry to Lisbon, and from Lisbon to the New World. Be that as it may, others hold up in Casablanca, and pause - and pause - and wait†. With this voice over we get a spinning globe, at that point a level guide to demonstrate where the setting fits in worldwide terms. We likewise get film of outcasts moving, giving more surface to the words. As the guide blurs we get a fix of a minaret (tower close to a mosque), proposing the Muslim setting of North Africa. The bustling shot of the abounding road loaded with dealers further improves ur feeling of the spot †there are numerous Muslims in the image, however the signs on shops are in French, again recommending the pioneer foundation. As the content puts it: â€Å"The veneers of the Moorish structures offer path to a tight winding road swarmed with the bilingual existence of a local quarter. The serious desert sun holds the scene in a lethargic t ranquillity†. The subsequent universal war foundation is accentuated by the shot of a police officer perusing a dire newsflash †German messengers killed, â€Å"suspicious characters† to be gathered together. These are Europeans or Westerners, one of whom is shot attempting to get away. He had been convey French opposition pamphlets, giving us a further knowledge into the war setting. Out of sight we see a banner of Marshal Petain, pioneer of the Vichy Government that teamed up with the Nazis. The disarray of the spot, particularly for outsiders is appeared by the couple at the bistro †â€Å"We hear almost no and we see even less†. We catch wind of the â€Å"customary gathering of refugees† and there’s a trace of the misuse natural in this sort of setting †delightful young ladies remembered for the gathering, for Monsieur Renault, the Police Chief. The normal wrongdoing in such a setting is additionally there †the European who pickpockets. Incidentally he had recently talked about the â€Å"scum† and â€Å"vultures† who have â€Å"gravitated† to Casablanca. Toward the finish of the scene we are again helped to remember the war setting by the appearance of the German official. Connections: Not quite a bit of intrigue yet. There’s a solid proposal that Renault is misusing helpless ladies, while we see a sentimental couple wanting to escape Casablanca via plane †a certified relationship stood out from connections dependent on misuse and maltreatment of intensity. 2. Ilsa and Laszlo visit Rick’s just because Connections: When Ilsa comes into the bar she trades some knowing looks with Sam, Rick’s musician proposing a past relationship or some likeness thereof. Taking into account when the film was made (1942) this wasn’t going to be anything among Ilsa and Sam, so the ramifications is by all accounts that there was a past relationship with Rick. The melody As Time Goes By goes about as a sort of image or shorthand to recommend this †Ilsa requests that Sam play it, yet we discover that Rick had let him know never to play it †probably as a result of the way that it evoked agonizing recollections of a past and bombed relationship. Sam proposes that Ilsa is misfortune for Rick. At the point when Rick and Ilsa meet they are in organization thus can't be forthcoming with one another. We need to figure out the real story, to figure from tone and non-verbal communication what was happening. Rick is clearly sore at Ilsa yet at the same time intrigued enough to make him defy his guideline about not drinking with clients. The way that she requests that Sam play their melody from Paris recommends she despite everything has an intrigue more than negligible interest. Laszlo and Ilsa appear to manage everything well. She shows worry for his security and we realize that he intends to remove her to opportunity on the off chance that they can escape Casablanca. Laszlo appears to be indifferent about his wife’s past relationship with Rick (accept it was only an associate apparently) and doesn’t appear to see the science among Rick and Ilsa. There’s no feeling that Rick has any disdain towards Laszlo as an adversary, in actuality he commends his political work †â€Å"I compliment you †¦ We all attempt. You succeed†. Social Context: More parts of the social setting are filled in here. The jazz music in the bar gives an American flavor, fitting to â€Å"Rick’s Cafe Americain†. Laszlo unobtrusively alludes to some political real factors †implying to Renault that the current French organization has not generally been as heartfelt as Renault is presently. He alludes to life in a death camp by implying to the Norwegian that one will in general free weight in such a spot. The underground opposition development is spoken to this time by the Norwegian, whose front is selling adornments. The universal flavor on this setting is again featured by the assortment of nationalities †Rick the white American, Sam the dark American, Laszlo the Czech, Renault the Frenchman, the Norwegian underground man, Major Strasser the German. The social setting of the time, equivalent to the setting in which the film was made is clear in the manner Ilsa alludes to Sam as the â€Å"boy†, yet she doesn’t mean any offense, nor is any taken. At the time in films dark individuals would just be appeared in modest jobs (counting diversion), and wouldn’t be the primary characters. The way of life of pay off is appeared by Renault’s being permitted to destroy charges he brings about at Rick’s. General Vision and Viewpoint Obviously we’re intended to respect crafted by Victor Laszlo. Rick, the principle character, communicates profound respect for his work †â€Å"we attempt, you succeed†. It must be exceptional if Rick, who generally appears to be skeptical, respects it. Laszlo is set up contrary to the Nazis who are introduced as awful battle ready harassers. Particularly in a film made during the war, and thinking about the idea of the Second World War, we are clearly intended to consider the To be as the miscreants, and the individuals who restrict them as the heroes, and this incorporates Laszlo. Sam says that Ilsa carries misfortune to Rick, yet there is no sign that the perspective of the film goes with such an eccentric mentality (intriguing that it’s the dark individual who is offbeat). On the off chance that anything the film is about the free decisions individuals settle on and the results of those decisions. 3. Rick’s Flashback to Paris Theme or Issue: Relationships This scene returns us to a prior, more joyful stage in the connection among Rick and Ilsa. We see this in their glad grinning faces †e. g. at the point when they are driving. It’s clearly a sentimental relationship. There’s a lot of kissing, moving, sentimental discussion, roses and so forth Having Paris as a setting adds to the sentimental air. This is reflected likewise in the glad music. The music sounds a note of danger when the Germans’ appearance in Paris is fast approaching. We witness what can to a relationship under danger from outside powers (â€Å"With the entire world disintegrating we pick this opportunity to fall in love†). It doesn’t harm the relationship; they respond in an approach to secure it †intending to get away. Anyway we additionally perceive how a relationship can be compromised by insider facts inside the relationship. Both acknowledge they don’t think a lot about each other’s past †however Ilsa tells Rick there was a man in her life yet he’s dead. This wouldn’t fundamentally be an issue, however there’s something incorrectly †at their last gathering Rick is eager about their arrangements to get away and even proposes marriage, yet she’s clearly uncomfortable with something. She, in any event, detects the detachment †would she say she is anguishing (as in the present) regardless of whether she’ll go with Rick or remain with Victor? ) â€Å"†¦if something should keep us apart†. We see the breakdown of a relationship when Rick is left at the station without Ilsa †just a letter that doesn’t truly clarify her intentions in not turning up. There’s clearly something going on that Rick doesn’t think about. We see what a serious impact this deserting by Ilsa has on Rick in his response at the station, and significantly more so in how disturbed he despite everything is in the present †appeared by the manner in which he is not long previously and soon after the flashback. We discover that connections can be difficult to give up †in the bar not long before the flashback Rick says that he knows she’ll return Cultural Context Many parts of the social setting are

Human Nature Exposed in Chaim Potoks The Chosen :: Potok Chosen Essays

Human instinct Exposed in The Chosen   â â â â A terrible thing is just really awful on the off chance that you neglect to make great of it.â The Picked by Chaim Potok is a testimant to the human capacity to learn, develop and thrive from adversity.â The story is loaded up with instances of circumstances in which something that may appear to be terrible at that point, later receives incredible benefits.   â â â â In the underlying part of The Chosen one of the fundamental characters, Reuven Malter, is struck in the eye by a baseball hit by the other primary character, Danny Saunders.â Surgery is required on Reuven's eye, and the future utilization of his eye is in doubt.â To most this may seem an awful circumstance, a horrendous thing to happen to a kid, yet Reuven and Danny are united by this tragic occurrence and build up a solid and remunerating friendship.â This fellowship of course has its good and bad times, yet by and large ends up being an important learning experience to both youngsters.   â â â â Danny is compelled to persevere through an ungainly and potentially savage circumstance for most of his developmental years.â Danny's dad never talks with him. Except for Talmud conversations and Danny's baseball crew thought, Danny what's more, his dad never speak.â This circumstance causes Danny a lot of enthusiastic torment, a torment which he can't grasp his dad's purposes behind inflicting.â His dad dreaded, and with reason, that if something were not done, Danny could never discover his soul.â After numerous years, Danny at long last gets it, what's more, acknowledges the explanations behind his dad's quietness, and is from multiple points of view thankful for its prosperity.   â â â â History is rich with individual, and wide instances of Potok's investigate human nature.â During the Second World War, America endured roughly four hundred thousand losses, yet arrived at a condition of national solidarity that has not been accomplished previously or after.â The war additionally finished the Great Depression that caused such a large number of individuals, child numerous problems.â The nuclear bombs dropped on the Japanese urban communities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki harvested significant demise and obliteration, yet forestalled far more.â Even as far back as scriptural occasions, the

Child Labour Result Of Globalization Research Paper

Youngster Labor Result Of Globalization - Research Paper Example Youngster work prompts infringement of common right of people, is dishonest, expands neediness, harms the picture of a country and association and causes medical problems for kids. Kid work is advanced due to its transient advantages including, decline in destitution, increment and increment in monetary turn of events. This paper will talk about the effect of globalization on kid work, the results related with it and the contentions in the kindness of kid work alongside an end. Globalization Promotes Child Labor Introduction International work association characterizes kid work as assignments that are denying kids with the option to have an adolescence and undertakings that are bad for the psychological and physical strength of the kids (International Labor Organization (a), 2013). Globalization prompts increment in return of merchandise, administrations and thoughts between various nations (Ritzer, 2012). Cigno states that expansion in globalization has brought about overwhelming di scussion about whether globalization is expanding or diminishing the rates of kid work (Cigno, 2002). Those in the kindness of globalization accept that globalization prompts decline in kid work. ... They express that if guardians see that the arrival of training is lower than the arrival increased through their child’s work, they will in general send their youngsters for work. Globalization prompts increment in rates of kid work and kid work ought not be polished in light of the fact that it denies youngsters from choosing what is acceptable and awful for them, it advances destitution and mediates in the intellectual and physical improvement of kids, kids are made to work in perilous conditions, kid work is exploitative and crushes the picture of the country that is rehearsing it. Body Globalization as a Cause of Child Labor Globalization has been considered liable for expanding the hole between the rich and poor people. World Bank expresses that the per capita pay all through the universe of created countries was multiple times higher than the poor countries during 1990 and this hole expanded by multiple times inside a time of 9 years (Raghavan, 2002). Since globalizatio n prompts increment in the degree of disparity just as destitution, it even outcomes in expanded use of youngster work. As per the Government of India, an immense bit of the work that was paid and directed outside the family units have moved to work that is being led inside the families. Because of this, few exercises, for example, creation of rugs, matches and glass are directed inside the family unit and substantial populaces of kids are associated with this work. As indicated by Kailash Satyarthi as the benefits got from the worldwide market rises, the utilization of kid work even increments and this is the reason there has been an enormous measure of increment in the quantity of youngsters working in enterprises that are send out arranged in

University Dissertation Writing Checklist

Dissertation Checklist Prior to submitting your dissertation, you can go through the following checklist to make sure that nothing important has been missed. All essential sections of the work are included. These are Abstract, Acknowledgements, Contents, Lists of Tables and Figures, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Analysis and Findings, Conclusion, List of References, and Appendix. The Abstract is usually the first part of the dissertation which is placed before the table of contents, but is written last. The abstract is a short overview of the whole dissertation which provides the very gist of the research and its main outcomes. The Acknowledgements are also written after finishing the main text of the thesis so that you could have a chance to acknowledge those who helped you in your research or supervision. Introduction and Conclusion disclose what is done in the thesis. Introduction shows the relevance of the topic, the background, formulates the aim and objectives and shows the structure of the study. Conclusion summarises the work by showing whether the aim and objectives were attained in the study. The main chapters of the thesis expose in detail what is done in the study and how it is done. The narrative should be logical and consistent, critical and without mistakes. The text of the thesis should be formatted according to the requirements of the university; make sure each page as well as each table and figure is numbered. Check if the Reference list includes all sources mentioned in the text and is consistent in style through the work. All tables and figures should have headings and be referred to in the main text. Also, if they were taken from other sources, these sources should be mentioned below the tables and figures, as well as in the reference list. Finally, you should proofread all text and format spacing and font consistently.

Repetition Revision in Suzan-Lori Park’s History Plays and Topdog/Underdog - Literature Essay Samples

In her two decades as a playwright, Suzan-Lori Parks has tackled American history from many angles; while she shuffles themes of race, family, death, and time between each of her plays, they are all linked by the common structure of what she calls her â€Å"Repetition Revision† writing style. Most of her early work employs this jazz structure of repeated and rephrased dialogue as the framework for the play itself, which is more of a performance piece than a narrative. For example, the texts of 1994’s The America Play and 1990’s The Death of the Last Black Man in the Entire World (commonly referred to as Parks’s history plays) define the structure as something of a lyrical cacophony. However, her breakthrough 2002 Pulitzer-winning Topdog/Underdog reconfigures â€Å"Rep Rev† into a more traditional dramatic structure. Topdog/Underdog is grounded in natural dialogue, without overlapping or repeating, but it retains her stylistic ethos in its plot, which recycles historical narratives into a contemporary urban setting. It also features characters that attempt to revise their own personalities, but unlike the speakers in Parks’s history plays, who revise slave narratives to form authentic, self-created identities, the characters fail to meaningfully change their shameful conditions. Rather, the Rep Rev that occurs in Topdog/Underdog, most notably in the refrained form of the three-card monte routine, exists only to distract the characters from their responsibilities. While the figures of the early plays successfully subvert historical oppression, the protagonists of Topdog cannot prevent history from violently repeating itself, as their attempts to revise their identities do not reach the heart of the more pressing issues of poverty, sexism, and alcoholism that surround them. With this turnar ound in the significance of â€Å"Rep Rev,† Parks argues that issues of historical identity have been fairly well addressed, but that poor African American men need to shift their revisionary focus away from personal image and towards righting concrete social ills. â€Å"Repetition Revision† is a term that Parks herself coined in the foreword to The America Play, in an essay entitled â€Å"From Elements of Style.† She says the form of her dramatic writing is directly analogous to â€Å"the Jazz esthetic in which the composer or performer will write a musical phrase once and again and again; etc. – with each revisit the phrase is slightly revised† (Parks, The America Play 9). She applies this technique to textual phrases, from lines to entire acts, in her plays, to such an extent that â€Å"characters refigure their words and through a refiguring of language show that they are experiencing their situation anew† (9). She explains that it is an intentionally non-linear form: â€Å"In such plays we are not moving from A → B but rather, for example, A → A → A → B → A† (9). As such, the repetition can take on a metaphorical significance as â€Å"a literal incorporation of the past† for the characters and audience to reflect on (10). In each of the three plays, the â€Å"Rep Rev† device is used to support different metaphors, fitting with Parks’s ethos that â€Å"form and content are interdependent† (7). It follows, then, that the change in how â€Å"Rep Rev† is implemented from the history plays to Topdog can be an accurate barometer for how the themes of each play differ and evolve. The Death of the Last Black Man in the Entire World may not be Parks’s most cryptic play, but its complexity can be daunting. The post-modern text is riddled with allusions to James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Richard Wright, and the Bible, but has very little in the way of recognizable dialogue. Rather, the structure of the play is formed from overlapping phrases and monologues spoken by a menagerie of â€Å"Figures,† each a representation of a historical Black stereotype. Parks explicitly denies these figures the title of â€Å"character† because she does not want them to be misconstrued as representations of actual people (Parks, America 12). The figures’ speeches are refrained and altered in Parks’s signature style, changing either specific words or grammar to convey new metaphors. In this way, the stereotypical figures deconstruct themselves, line by line, as their speeches change in meaning. Alice Rayner and Harry J. Elam argue that the revisions that drive the play forward signify that Parks’s goal is â€Å"not only to challenge and re-write history, but to right history† (449). They argue that the linguistic revisions the figures make serve to challenge the racist beliefs about African Americans that each figure represents. One example of such revision is the mantra of the eponymous figure, Black Man With Watermelon, who dies before and many times during the play. He speaks one recurring line, â€Å"The black man moves his hands,† whose literal significance changes in each context (Parks, America 101). In all cases, though, it refers to some loss of independence or freedom, as his hands are bound with the leather straps of an electric chair and by lynching rope (Parks, America 108, 118). Rayner and Elam posit that the phrase is â€Å"Parks’s gestural, aural, visual, and theatrical signifier for crossing over into the world of the dead† (449). This follows the aforementioned scenes of his death with tied hands and a passage in the text, in which two figures question â€Å"Where he gonna go now that he done dieded?† and â€Å"Where he gonna go tuh move his hands?† (Parks, America 114). Rayner and Elam take this to mean that the motions of the hands themselves, each time met with resistance, represent the Black Man’s attempts to cease existing as a stereotype. This hypothesis fits, as the figure is defined by his stereotyped name and appearance but s eeks, in death, to move his own body parts, hitherto bound by violent circumstances. While the action of Death of the Last Black Man is focused on its central figure, Parks has made it clear that his deaths are emblematic of the accumulated violence against African Americans that has obscured their history. Rayner and Elam argue, â€Å"As his generic name suggests, he is the prototypical ‘Black Man’,† and cite Parks’ statement that â€Å"[African Americans are] a people who are honored or damned because of the actions of one of our group† and conclude that â€Å"the death of each black man who is hung, electrocuted, hunted down, or has fallen out of history counts equally as the death of the last black man. The death of every black man in the past inhabits the death of each black man in the present† (Rayner and Elam 451, Jacobus 1372). In writing and rewriting these deaths, Parks â€Å"rights† their legacy by reflecting on what caused them. While lynch violence is seldom forgotten, the deeper roots of racist stereotypes that have historically prevented African Americans from speaking out against such violence are in danger of being ignored as â€Å"a thing of the past.† Parks addresses these stereotypes head on, and shows that these â€Å"missing histories† continue to make their mark on the present. Indeed, the play is written in an intentionally nonlinear style to reflect its timelessness, as referenced in Black Man With Watermelon’s monologue on the conflation of past and present in the play’s setting. Alluding to Samuel Beckett’s characters’ tendencies to define themselves in temporally baffling terms, Parks includes phrases such as â€Å"Thuh me-has-been sits in thuh be-me† (Parks, America 126). The conflation of past and present tenses is a device Beckett used in Waiting for Godot and other plays, to emphasize that whatever occurs in the play does not depend on when it occurs or has occurred (Rayner and Elam 451). As such, the injustice that a fflicts The Last Black Man’s figures has occurred and does occur in some form or other in both the past and present of America Throughout the play, the dead man is prevented from moving his hands by various external forces and is thus left to haunt his wife, Black Woman With Fried Drumstick. As a presence that is dead but not gone, he signifies a stereotype born out of slavery that still looms over the present. The first impediment against â€Å"moving his hands† (i.e. getting rid of the stereotype thrust upon him) is the watermelon, a staple of the Pickaninny/Sambo image. He refutes the image of the docile slave, saying, â€Å"This does not belong tuh me. Somebody planted this on me. On me in my hands,† but he is powerless to let go, as another impediment takes the watermelon’s place (Parks, America 105). Before repeating, this time in first-person, â€Å"I would like tuh move my hands,† he describes his execution by electric chair: â€Å"The straps they have on me are leathern. See thuh cord waggin full with uh jump-juice try me tuh wiggle but belt leathern straps: width thickl y† (109, 108). The conflict changes from debunking the specific Sambo stereotype to dealing with legal injustice, but the continuity between the signifiers shows that they are a part of the same issue. This continuity is seen in the repetition of the â€Å"hands† line into a revised context. In both cases, the man incredulously questions the stereotype that has become his identity; the line â€Å"melon mines?† is echoed in the similarly phrased line â€Å"forearm mines?† (108). He moves from questioning the validity of the Sambo stereotype that he has no control over to questioning the reality of his electrocuted arm. He must not only question the watermelon and execution paraphernalia thrust upon him, but also his own arms, the driving forces behind the hand motion that can free him. He realizes that his own concept of self, the metaphorical vision of his dying body, must also be refuted in order to bring the â€Å"dead† stereotypes to final rest. In this way, Parks explores the impossibility of refuting stereotypes by only erasing their visual, surface-layer record rather than questioning one’s own complicity in self-stereotyping. This is seen in the figures’ twice repeated exchange of â€Å"Whose fault is it? Aint mines,† in response to â€Å"The black man bursts into flames. The black man bursts into blames† (103). The implication in this line is that the chorus of stereotypes refuses to believe in their guilt, and choose to blame all, rather than most, of their misfortune on their white creators. Only by considering his own stereotyped body as a dubious construct, rather than just the situations that surround it, can the central figure redefine himself apart from any stereotype. In the play’s â€Å"Final Chorus,† in which all the figures celebrate the central stereotype’s final death, the universal Black Man comes to terms with the concept that â€Å"Thuh tongue itself burns itself,† that he is partially to blame for his prolonged suffering (Parks, America 130). His past attempts to â€Å"turn thuh page† on his stereotyped identity failed because he took no accountability for propagating the stereotype, and sought only to deny its hold on him. With the Black Man’s final passing, Parks’ revision wipes the slate clean, leaving a void in place of harmful false identities. Parks’s earlier piece, The America Play, attempts to fill that identity void with its main character’s acts of revision. The America Play is set in the limbo-like â€Å"exact replica of the Great Hole of History,† a carnivalesque vision of America in which cultural artifacts are buried (Parks, America 159). The first act con sists of a black Abraham Lincoln impersonator telling his life story, in which the lines between his past and present are blurred. He makes his living by acting out abbreviated bullet points of history, specifically Lincoln’s speeches and assassination, but, in true Parks style, he remixes such well-known plots into a personal narrative. So, when the impersonator, known as the Foundling Father, fails to improve his lot in the world, he cannot deny his own involvement. If there is anything to blame, it is an internalized form of prejudice that keeps him down. This is exemplified by the subservience the imitator, who refers to himself as the â€Å"Lesser Known† in his history, holds to the legacy of the actual President Lincoln, the â€Å"Great Man,† to such an extent that he wishes he â€Å"would have had at least a chance at the honor of digging the Great Mans grave† (161). Nicole Hodges Persley explains this shift: â€Å"The Last Black Man addresses lit eral acts of violence, lynching, electrocution, etc. against African American men, and their impact on the African American community. The America Play focuses on the psychological violence, the embodiment of social values attributed to blackness and whiteness† (72). In the first act of The America Play, the whiteface Lincoln repeats and revises a series of verbal and visual tics that acknowledge the overbearing material presence of Abraham Lincoln’s legacy in American culture. From â€Å"A wink to Mr. Lincolns pasteboard cutout† to â€Å"A nod to the bust of Mr. Lincoln,† Parks gives a number of stage directions, paired with an out-loud narration of each action, for the â€Å"Foundling Father,† the impersonator, to enact (The America Play 160, 161). Andrea J. Goto argues that this seemingly strange imitation of and obsession with a white cultural figure can be traced to the fact that â€Å"the Lincoln myth belongs to African Americans at least as much, if not more than, to white Americans† (120). Thus, the Foundling Father’s repeated deferential acknowledgement of Mr. Lincoln, â€Å"the Great Man,† combined with his revisionary tendency to spruce up his act with historically inaccurate beards creates what Persley considers a â€Å"remixed† identity that is born out of pressures to conform to white culture, but grows into a form that straddles the lines between Black and White, past and present (The America Play 161, 168). With the Foundling Father’s anachronistic performance, Parks denies â€Å"white historical authenticity, showing how fickle, flawed, and skewed it is† (Kolin 14). By revising (and thus refuting) the myths of white cultural superiority, but having a character repeat them (nods to bust, etc.), Parks highlights the fact that in the past-present continuity of American culture, white hegemony has become more visible and recognizable, but it still continues to have an indisputably profound influence on the lives of African Americans. In this way, Parks argues that the roots of oppression may not be destroy ed, but that they can be undermined, by historical revision. As a departure from her previous work, Topdog/Underdog employs its novel versions of â€Å"Rep Rev† in a linear, realistic plot structure to more drastically change the focus of Parks’s writing. Moving the plays’ action into the factual present, Topdog/Underdog starts from the same assumption that Repeating and Revising history can have a positive impact on African American identities, but, by the end of the play, the tragic inevitability of the characters’ fratricide implies that the revisions they struggle for actually have a negative impact on their lives. Topdog also features a black Lincoln impersonator, but one who wishes more to distance himself from that identity than to hybridize it with his own. The play follows the domestic troubles between this Lincoln and his brother Booth and their history as three-card monte con men. In Topdog, Parks mostly abandons the use of repeating and revis ing dialogue wholesale, and instead allows the characters to converse normally, but she applies her style to the metatextual scheme of the play itself. With characters named Booth and Lincoln, the assassination of one by the other is expected, so Parks sets up the audience to look out for any deviations from this historical trend. The only major revision in this capacity is the familial motivation that was not present in the historical assassination. Otherwise, the revisions that Booth and Lincoln apply to their predetermined identities actually prevent them from changing the historical trend of violence by and against black men. The cycles of violence from The Last Black Man are combined with The America Play’s theme of identity insecurities in the character of Booth. As the â€Å"Underdog† of the play, he is bitterly jealous of his brother’s success in hustling and romance, and consequently seeks to reinvent himself in his brother’s image. He attempts to reinvent himself as a violent, successful card hustler named â€Å"3-Card† when faced with the reality of his fiscal insecurity: â€Å"Anybody not calling me 3-Card gets a bullet† (Parks, Topdog 107). Booth’s attempts to distance himself from a past of poverty and familial neglect only plunge him into a deeper hole, as his violent delusions eventually lead him to murdering his girlfriend and his brother (107, 108). Jochen Achilles explains that â€Å"Booth’s perception of the world and himself can be described as a naà ¯ve acceptance of appearances and the belief . . . in the possibility of identity change via the doubtful magic of a name† (107). The history plays’ figures succeed in reinventing themselves because they spend a whole play refiguring their language and actions to support the new identities they arrive at by the end of the play. Booth, however, simply repeats the monte routine – â€Å"Watch me close now watch me close now: who-see-thuh-red-card-who-see-the-red-card?† etc. – (without revision between scenes) and lies to himself, saying that he â€Å"wins all the money† (5, 6). In fact, his hustling practice, referred to in stage directions as â€Å"clumsy† and â€Å"studied and awkward,† does nothing to support himself or his brother (16, 5). Furthermore, he is blind to the parasitic effects of the hustling lifestyle, explained by Lincoln as the guilt that made him quit that life: â€Å"We took a father for the money he was gonna get his kids new bike with and he cried in the street . . . Swore off thuh cards. Something inside me telling me –† (54). By revising himself into a gangster identity without repeating his brother’s success, and repeating the monte scam without revising the criminal element that drove Lincoln away, Booth undergoes an incomplete and counteractive transformation. While Booth, the murderer, ultimately thwarts either brother’s attempts revise himself out of shame, in keeping with The Last Black Man’s message, the victim shares some of the blame. Lincoln’s failed attempts at repetition and revision in Topdog generally follow the same pattern of historical reinterpretation as those of the Foundling Father. They share the role of a carnie who reenacts Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. Topdog’s Lincoln, unlike the Foundling Father, tries to make a clear distinction between his job and his personal identity: â€Å"Fake beard. Top hat. Don’t make me into no Lincoln. I was Lincoln on my own before any of that† (28). This assertion, however, is challenge by Booth’s insistence that Lincoln plays the role â€Å"too real,† and by Link’s â€Å"Best Customer,† who asks him â€Å"Does thuh show stop when no ones watching or does the show go on?† (50, 32). The latter conjecture is proven by Lincoln’s hesitance to change the routine in any meaningful way because his white audience likes â€Å"they historical shit in a certain a way. They like it to unfold the way they folded it up† (50). Unlike the Foundling Father, who synthesizes the Lincoln story with his own, Topdog’s Lincoln, in an attempt to separate himself from a predefined identity, repeats the mainstream, heroic (white) vision of Lincoln’s death as best he can, even though he’s â€Å"uh brother playing Lincoln. Its uh stretch for anyones imagination† (51). By acting out a pitch-perfect Honest Abe, Lincoln hopes to prove that he is very different outside of the costume, disproving the legacy of his name. Paradoxically, by focusing so much on this identity revision, Lincoln only repeats an old routine, just like Booth’s monte, and fails to enact meaningful change in his life. As Booth and Lincoln try in vain to escape their fates, they blind themselv es to the negative effects of their poverty-stricken life. Addiction, especially, is an issue Lincoln deals with daily, but with denial. He drinks or refers to drinking in most scenes, and shows his alcoholic dependence by calling the whiskey â€Å"med-sin† (9, 24, 63, 83). When liquor isn’t available, he â€Å"studies [cards] like an alcoholic would study a drink,† revealing his susceptibility to addiction in any form (55). Alcoholism is revealed to be a cornerstone of his personality when Lincoln tells Booth, â€Å"[our father] was drunk when he told me, or maybe I was drunk when he told me . . . why he named us both. Lincoln and Booth† (22). The name, whose connotations Lincoln tries to shrug off throughout the play, is intrinsically connected to both his and his father’s alcoholism. So, if Lincoln wants to escape from his name and all that it implies he must also seek soberness. He fails, as he turns away from his ‘Honest Abe act’ of identity revision and back into his drinking. This is sho wn in the stage directions at the end of the scene in which Lincoln practices his routine: â€Å"He gets up, considers giving the new moves another try† (35). The ultimate sign of Lincoln’s failure to revise his identity is his repeated drinking. Booth’s main vice, on the other hand, is womanizing. An integral of his 3-Card fantasy is his hypothetical success with women. He invents schemes to impress and dominate women, such as stealing his girlfriend and expensive ring, but in a smaller size so she won’t be able to remove it and reject him (8). Because his lack of money marks him as a deadbeat, Booth resorts to manipulation tactics, revealing his sexist mentality. For example, he realizes he needs a phone because â€Å"you get a filly to give you her numerophono and gone is the days when she just gives you her number and dont ask for yrs† (30). He denigrates women as â€Å"fillys,† objects of sexual desire, that he seeks to control. This mi ndset follows directly from his attempts to reinvent himself as a successful hustler, as sexual prowess figures prominently in his fantasy (18). Booth’s sexism shows that his vain attempts at identity revision lead only to lechery, not better fortune. Extrapolating from Lincoln and Booth’s misfortunes and misdeeds to a general trend among poor black men (following Last Black Man’s concept of theatrical universality), Parks argues that misguided concerns about identity cripple attempts to change poor African Americans’ social standing. While her previous plays hinted at the opportunity to change a â€Å"predetermined path† of shame and misery by reevaluating the paths of prejudice that lead to it, Topdog/Underdog concludes that such strategies may only distract from other pressing concerns of an urban black populace. Achilles notes that the games Booth and his brother play, with the Lincoln reenactment and the card scam at the forefront, â€Å"are prisons and traps rather than instruments of viable self-invention† (122). These traps of repetition prove fatal for Lincoln and damning for Booth on the last pages of Topdog/Underdog, as an American history of violence comes full circle (Parks, Topdog/U nderdog 108). Suzan-Lori Parks takes â€Å"Rep Rev† out of her dialogue and into her characters’ lives, she comments on how progressive cultural revision cannot exist today without shameful historical repetition.

The Use of Marijuana for Medicinal Purposes Essay - 966 Words

The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes has long been at the centre of much controversy. Some studies have shown results that the benefits of using marijuana for medicinal reasons far outweigh the negative health matters that may be associated with its use, and therefore should be an accepted method of treatment for some patients who are suffering with illnesses such as multiple sclerosis, cancer, AIDS, and eating disorders (Okie, 2005). Still, other studies have proven that there is not enough scientific evidence on the drug, there for it should not be legalized for the use of medication (Hutchings, 2002). Currently the issue is moving forward, although not without controversy, but it is unclear when a clear decision will be made.†¦show more content†¦The Chemical breakdown of cannabis, which marijuana is a herbal product of, contains many components that prove beneficial in the medical field. Parts of the medical field that these components benefit would include vario us neurological conditions, such as spasticity, pain or sleeping disorders. It is currently difficult to conclude whether these benefits overpower the risks that a person with a neurological disorder would be taking. However Canadian surveys have showed that in two neurological disorder cases, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy, cannabis has proven to be beneficial to symptom relief. People with these disorders using cannabis have gotten relief from both their primary symptoms and other symptoms associated with their disorders. In people with epilepsy, the severity and frequency of their seizures was reduced. In people with multiple sclerosis were found to have reduced pain and spasticity, as well as being relived from psychological symptoms caused by the disorder. Without the use of cannabis in some users, they would have a much more difficult time dealing with the symptoms of their disorders (Wingerchuk, 2004). However, there still remains a lot of opposition on the topic of medical marijuana. In the article by Doctor Reginald Hutchings, from Charlottetown P.E.I., discusses the negative side of marijuana. As a physician, Hutchings states that he will not prescribe marijuana to his patients unless he isShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Marijuana For Medicinal Purposes1345 Words   |  6 Pagesmaybe they smoke every day, maybe they never will, or maybe they have to if they want to live. Adolescents and adults have access to marijuana as it is easily available behind the scenes these days and it’s about time everybody knows the truth about the uses, effects, purposes, and cures about the devil’s harvest- Marijuana. 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As Congressman Bob Barr in his debate with radio talk show host Neil Boortz on May 14, 2002, stated, quot;There is no legitimate medical use whatsoever for marijuana. This [marijuana] is not medicine. This is bogus witchcraft. It has no place in medicine, no place in painRead MoreLegalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Usage800 Words   |  4 PagesLegalization of Marijuana for Medicinal Usage The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes is a question that seems to be scourging many states. Have you ever experience excruciating pain? Or have you ever witnessed someone suffering from agonizing morning sickness? Then still there are those that feel plagued with the chronic arthritis pain, or the nausea and vomiting, which often accompany chemotherapy. These individuals would welcome the use of marijuana for medicinal usage. MedicalRead MoreWhy Not Legalize Marijuana? 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Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, WashingtonRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Should the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes be legalized? Wouldn’t it be simple to provide a simple black or white answer to this question? Across the nation there is much debate on this very topic, one that I don’t believe can be solved so easily with a yes or no. There are so many activists that have strong opinions on this subject and go to the fullest extent to ensure they are heard. As simple straight forward as this question is it was hard for me to determine which side of the line

Definition and Examples of Verb Phrases in English

Analysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter - 1184 Words

As I began my summer reading assignment I wasn’t too amused at the beginning chapters of the â€Å"Scarlet Letter,† With Hawthorne throwing around words like â€Å"quietude† I wasn’t sure if it was truly the difference in his old English speech, or if he was tossing in obscure words just to send people looking through their dictionaries to find out if he had, in fact, made the word up, or not. But, as I delved deeper into Hawthorn’s work I found a brilliant story with some of the richest characters I had ever had the pleasure of reading about. Of the four major characters in the book, I empathized with Arthur Dimmesdale the most. Dimmesdale is man of God imprisoned by his own beliefs, and because of this he lives his life wallowing in guilt, despair, and pain. Dimmesdale wants to be a father to Pearl, but to do so it would jeopardize his social standing in the Puritan culture and his career. In his confliction, Dimmesdale feels that he should punish himself; he takes away what little humanity he has left just so he can feel he has appeased God. I can’t help but feel sorry for a man who lives in such a heartbreaking pool of despair and self-loathing. Where Dimmesdale’s character really shines, though, is in the Election Day sermon scene and the scenes leading up to the Election Day sermon. After leaving the forest Dimmesdale is filled with new life and motivation. He now has purpose, something to live for. Later, in the third scaffold scene, DimmesdaleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2314 Words   |  10 PagesKatya Flaska American Literature Period 5 10 August 2014 The Scarlet Letter Book Analysis 1. The book is The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorn. The genre of the novel is historical fiction. 2. The preamble describes how the book came to be written. The narrator was a surveyor of the customhouse in Salem, where he discovered documents he used to write the story. He uncovered a manuscript with a scarlet â€Å"A†, which contained the events recorded by a previous surveyor in the 1600s. When the narratorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1120 Words   |  5 Pages From the very first chapter, the Scarlet Letter guides readers on a journey that explores the darkness of the human heart and redemption from sin. It is in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that we introduced to a trio of characters interconnected by their sins: an adulteress, a minister and a physician. The adulteress is a woman named Hester Prynne who, as punishment for her transgressions, must wear a scarlet A on chest and is shunned by her community. Yet, Hester s eventual acceptance of herRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1141 Words   |  5 PagesBlake Allison P#1 AP NOVEL FORM 1. Title: The Scarlet Letter 2. 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It also compares and contrasts the current states of Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Arthur Chillingworth. With this, it has a logical progression to the book’s ultimate conclusion. This section can be done in a bulleted format with brief (2-3 sentences) summaries by chapter if that works for the book. Chapter 1:Read MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1143 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book,The Scarlet Letter, there are many questions that grab the reader’s attention. One of the most intriguing and thought ­provoking question is, â€Å"Is Hester Prynne a good mother and should she be allowed to keep Pearl?† This question does not have a simple yes or no answer, the reader must take into account many things the author mentions in the book. However, after careful consideration, one might find that Hester is not, in fact, a good mother, but should be allowed to keep Pearl. ThereRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pagesand women was even more prominent and obvious during the antebellum era. In The Scarlet Letter By Nathanial Hawthorne there was Hester Prynne and in The Two Offers By Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, there was Janette Alston. Both of these women, rose above the rest, through adversity, hardship, and aga inst all odds still came out on top, even during a time period that didn’t appreciate a strong woman. In â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne, was thrown in jail and forced to wear a symbol of her sin andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe Evolution of the A in The Scarlet Letter â€Å"So, in the course of the novel, the ‘A’ seems to encompass the entire range of human beingness, from the earthly and passionate ‘adulteress’ to the pure and spiritual ‘angel,’ taking into account everything in between,† begins Claudia Durst Johnson (128). Many believe the A in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter possesses only one meaning - adulterer; however, Hawthorne imbues the symbolic letter with diverse definitions. In the novel, HawthorneRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Scarlet Letter 1961 Words   |  8 PagesVital to the â€Å"A† The Scarlet Letter is a book complete of secrets and deceptions. The book teaches you about the difference about telling the truth or keeping it a secret. It shows you the challenges of both telling the truth and keeping a secret from everyone. There are many vital scenes throughout the book. With many of the scenes, if they weren’t in the book it would have had a completely different ending. The Scarlet Letter is a book full of eventful scenes that keep the book both exciting and interesting

Guidelines For Format And Content Of The Thesis - 3172 Words

GUIDELINES FOR FORMAT AND CONTENT OF THE DISSERTATION CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY Background The accounting profession was founded on the basis of public trust; the public must have confidence in the services provided by public accountants. Scholars agree accounting ethics education is one way to solidify public trust in the accounting profession. (Mastracchio Jr, Jimà ©nez-Angueira, Toth, 2015). In the aftermath of accounting scandals of the previous decade - specifically, those involving the scandals surrounding Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom - practitioners, regulators and educators have called for ethics reform and the introduction of ethics in university accounting programs. While current research confirms an†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, accountants need to have the ability to recognize moral issues that happen in business circumstances and the skill of judgment to determine alternatives for resolving ethical predicaments. Ethical standards apply to all accountants who enter the profession. The nature of accounting work, as it relates to deci sion-making, and its impact on businesses and stakeholders, requires the highest level of ethics. Accordingly, accountants must possess a dual competency of technical skills and knowledge and the ability to take ethical actions within accounting decisions. Statement of the Problem Accounting graduates are likely to encounter ethical situations in the workforce; however, ethics instruction in universities is inadequate and accounting graduates are ill prepared to handle ethical duties of complex, modern business organizations and transactions. The drive for high profit and high stock prices can tempt management to falsify or hide financial information from other stakeholders. Intense competitiveness and uncertainties of the global marketplace can force accountants to consider decisions to either benefit or to harm stakeholders. Accounting graduates must be able to consider the ethical implications of accounting decision making as well understand, apply and implement the rules and regulations of the accounting profession, which

Classical Operant And Observational Conditioning Essay Research free essay sample

Classical, Operant, And Observational Conditioning Essay, Research Paper Classical, operant, and experimental are all types of conditioning and larning. Conditioning, in psychological science, is doing an being to exhibit a specific response to a stimulation. A stimulation is anything that heightens exhilaration or action. Classical conditioning is a signifier of acquisition, in which a reflexive or automatic response transportations from one stimulation to another. For case, a individual who has had painful experiences at the tooth doctor? s office may go fearful at merely the sight of the tooth doctor? s office edifice. Fear, a natural response to a painful stimulation, has transferred to a different stimulation, the sight of a edifice. Most psychologists believe that classical conditioning occurs when a individual forms a mental association between two stimulations, so that meeting one stimulation makes the individual think of the other. Peoples tend to organize these mental associations between events or stimulations that occur closely together in infinite or clip. Classical conditioning was discovered by accident by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov. Pavlov was analyzing how saliva aids the digestive procedure. He would give a Canis familiaris some nutrient and step the sum of spit the Canis familiaris produced while it ate the repast. After the Canis familiaris had gone through this process a few times, nevertheless, it would get down to salivate before having any nutrient. Pavlov believed that someme new stimulation, had become associated with the nutrient and produced the response of salivation in the Canis familiaris. After an animate being has learned a conditioned response to one stimulation, it may besides respond to similar stimulations without preparation. If a kid is bitten by a big black Canis familiaris, the kid may fear non merely that Canis familiaris, but other big Canis familiariss. This is called generalisation. Less similar stimulations will normally bring forth less generalisation. After analyzing classical conditioning in Canis familiariss and other animate beings, psychologists became interested in how this type of larning might use to human behaviour. American psychologist John B. Watson conditioned a babe named Albert to fear a little white rat by partner offing the sight of the rat with a loud noise. Although their experiment was ethically questionable, it showed for the first clip that worlds can larn to fear apparently unimportant stimulations when the stimulations are associated with unpleasant experiences. Psychologists now know that classical conditioning explains many emotional responses? such as felicity, exhilaration, choler, and anxiousness? that people have to specific stimulations. Oxygen Ne of the most widespread and of import types of acquisition is operant conditioning, which involves increasing a behaviour by following it with a wages, or diminishing a behaviour by following it with penalty. operant conditioning refers to the fact that the scholar must run, or execute a certain behaviour, before having a wages or penalty. For illustration, if a female parent starts giving a male child his favourite bite every twenty-four hours that he cleans up his room, before long the male child may pass some clip each twenty-four hours cleaning his room in expectancy of the bite. In this illustration, the male child? s behaviour additions because it is followed by a wages or reinforcing stimulus. Positive support, is a method of beef uping behavior by following it with a pleasant stimulation. Positive support is a powerful method for commanding the behaviour of both animate beings and people. Negative support is a method of beef uping a behaviour by following it with the remotion of an unpleasant stimulation. Some of the earliest scientific research on operant conditioning was conducted by American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike. Thorndike? s research topics included cats, Canis familiariss, and poulets. To see how animate beings learn new behaviours, Thorndike used a little chamber that he called a mystifier box. He would put an animate being in the mystifier box, and if it performed the correct behavior the door would swing unfastened and the animate being would be rewarded with some nutrient located merely outside the coop. Thorndike developed a rule he called the jurisprudence of consequence. Although classical and operant conditioning are of import types of acquisition, people learn a big part of what they know through observation. Learning by observation differs from classical and operant conditioning because it does non necessitate direct personal experience with stimulations, reinforcing stimuluss, or punishers. Learning by observation involves merely watching the behaviour of another individual, called a theoretical account, and subsequently copying the theoretical account? s behaviour. Both kids and grownups learn a great trade through observation and imitation. Young kids learn linguistic communication, societal accomplishments, wonts, frights, and many other mundane behaviours by detecting their parents and older kids. Many people learn academic, athletic, and musical accomplishments by detecting and so copying a instructor. With these three really of import types of larning we can learn both worlds and animate beings new accomplishments. Teaching animate beings to make silly tasks that a human can execute is really possible. For case learning a Pan troglodytes to dance modern stone.

The Metamorphosis Gregor Was An Unselfish Person Essay Example For Students

The Metamorphosis: Gregor Was An Unselfish Person Essay The Metamorphosis: Gregor Was An Unselfish Person Essay Gregor was the most unselfish person in The Metamorphosis. This characteristic shows with his dedication to his work. He was the only family member with a job, believing he was the only one capable of it. Sacrificing his social life for his work, he had no friends at work, and never went out at night. His only hobby was fretwork, sitting alone in his room. The only person he was ever intimate with was his sister Grete. His devotion to his work was remarkable. In all of the five years he had worked for his fathers creditor, he had never once been absent. Always ready to go out on his rounds as early as possible, he never took advantage of time for a break. By the time he got back, the other employees were still eating breakfast. Under the belief that he was the sole provider for the family, Gregor took up a job with his fathers creditor, before even consulting his family. They, at the time, were of course impressed. The flat they were living in was chosen by Gregor. Making enough money, he hired a cook and servant. He was even thinking of sending Grete to the conservatorium to further enhance what he believed to be musical talents. Even after his metamorphosis, he never asked for much. Showing his concern for others wellbeing, he hid under the couch so as not to disgust anyone by his sight. Although they brought him food everyday, he barely ate any of it. He even wished he were not such a burden on the family, and that he could have transformed back into his old self. All of the actions mentioned above displayed Gregors unselfishness. After his metamorphosis, nobody indicated they were grateful for what he had done. After his first absence, the chief clerk himself appeared at Gregors house to see what was the matter. When Gregor did not open his door, the chief clerk accused him of stealing the companys funds, and degraded him in front of his parents as being insubordinate. After the transformation, Gregors father gave little or no love or support. Instead, he had hurt Gregor many times while ushering Gregor back into the room. Grete and her mother do, for some time, show a little support. After having Gregor around for a while however Grete asserted that they should somehow get rid of him. At this point, Gregor realized that his family no longer loves him, and gave up on life. Although Gregor did aid his family in a critical time of need, they hardly acknowledged this fact after his transformation. They never even tried to understand him. For the past five years, he provided for his family, and when he needed them, they did not care. After his metamorphosis, they all got jobs, something Gregor thought they were incapable of. After his death, they moved out of the flat, which was too expensive for them, leaving all of their memories, starting anew without him. .

Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal

Over the past years, there have been debates on whether people of the same sex should be allowed to marry or even enter into a relationship. This has raised concerns on civil unions leading to formation of movements intended to protect them.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although same sex couples have been given the choice of civil unions in some states, they should be completely permitted to marry since these unions are not actual marriage but are simply partnerships offering the privileges of traditional marriage (Matthews, 2006, p. 1). Same sex couples should be allowed to marry because denying them would be depriving them of their religious rights. Although homosexuality is considered a sin by almost all religions, a person’s views on religion must be protected as a civil right according to the Amendments of the constituti on. According to the state, marriage is a secular activity and therefore the government should not make laws based on religious belief. There is more to marriage than just the legal status. The benefits of marriage such as decision making and joint ownership of property are important and should be available to all couples. Same sex couples should be allowed to make important medical decisions (Matthews, 2006, p. 1). For instance, if one partner gets critically ill, his/her spouse should be allowed to visit or even take important measures such as deciding whether surgery should be done. Homosexuality has been linked to biological causes due to hormonal switch and not by choice. Most homosexuals have secondary sexual features that are similar those of the opposite sex. For example, a male may have a softer voice and this will attract him to fellow men that have deeper voices. Similarly, a female with a masculine body will be attracted to females that have feminine bodies. Most homosex uals do not choose to live that life but nature does as a result of hormonal switches and therefore should not be discriminated but rather allowed to exercise human rights as any other person would. Denying same sex marriage would be discriminating the minority which would defy the America’s concept of rule by the majority and protection of the minority rights. The Bill of Rights and equal protection amendments are meant to ensure that all citizens exercise equal rights. A marriage is a commitment between two people and it does not hurt the society and therefore the society should not dictate other peoples’ lives that do not affect them.Advertising Looking for critical writing on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The church and other religious groups have the right to only criticize but do not have the power to prevent any marriage. More so homosexuals marry not for status but for the love they hav e for one another which should be the ultimate reason for marriage and as long as they love each other and they want to live together forever, there should be no hindrance (Jackson, 2010, p. 1). Like any other normal marriage, a same sex marriage may lead to the desire by the couple to have a complete family. Since homosexuals cannot pro-create naturally, their desire to have children would drive them to adopt. The number of street children and others who are in need would decrease and children would benefit by having a family too. Although many may think the opposite, homosexuality promotes family values since same sex partners do not engage in unprotected sex with different partners. This helps reduce problems related to sexuality such as STD’s. Married homosexuals like any other married couple, offer financial support to each other considering today’s economic situation. Reference List Jackson, Gregg. 2010. Same Sex â€Å"Marriage†: Illegal in All Fifty State s. August, https://townhall.com/columnists/greggjackson/2008/07/07/same-sex-marriage-illegal-in-all-fifty-states-n1016806 Michael, Mathews. 2006. Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal? Web. This critical writing on Should Same Sex Marriage Be Legal? was written and submitted by user Druig to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Model Essay Samples For College Students

Model Essay Samples For College StudentsIf you are the kind of student who is always on the look out for new and innovative ways to present yourself in the college environment, then this article is for you. In this article I am going to share with you some model essay samples that will help you save time and money while giving your paper a much needed boost in terms of visibility.I am not sure whether it's time to attend a cocktail party or a dinner party, but this is time to have a little fun. Whenever I go to one of these functions, I always feel like I am in college, only more so. In the past, this would mean going to an after-work party, and of course, you would not know what type of attire to wear or what to say in order to impress the host.A cocktail party is the standard issues of a much older generation, the kind where everyone is all dressed up, smiling, and all ready to have a good time. It is the kind of social event where you have to come as an adult and act as if you wer e a child. The thing is, as you get older, you have become an adult and you are probably past all of those unwritten rules.As you get older, you may not even be able to find one single topic that is applicable to a very formal program such as law school, law school with a deadline, or to law school at all. This could pose a problem for your writing in your modeling essay samples because you are likely going to be quoted on all of the subjects that you are interested in and have no clue what to say about them.You can't just want to roll with it and hope that the points that you think of do not bother anyone else. In the event that you are asked a question during a cocktail party, you need to make sure that you come prepared with something meaningful to say about it.Some students choose to take a year off to study further, spend it studying just like any other student's life, and become a lawyer once they return. I am here to tell you that is a bad idea.I have spoken with many student s who are on the verge of quitting school, and they are completely devastated because of how hard time they have had with their school work. I urge you to take a few minutes to learn more about my favorite model essay samples.

Motivation Theories Essays

Motivation Theories Essays Motivation Theories Essay Motivation Theories Essay What motivation theories can be found in each case study? * Describe the theories found in each case study and cite specific examples. * What was each business owner’s approach to creating high-performing teams within their company? Two Men and a Truck The success story of the company created by Mary Ellen Sheets is a perfect example of exceeding customer expectations; in her business model her approach is to make the moving experience a seamless, painless, and satisfactory event that will not only attract customers, but it will create referrals for their good reputation.Her approach towards creating highly competent employees to move the customer values with efficiency is a result of the Expectancy Theory, in which the motivation behind their hard work is the belief that if the employees perform at a high- level they could be nicely rewarded, in this case with the motivation to buy a franchise and become owners themselves. Mrs.Sheets had the vision to plan and predict what the customers expected and instituted a support and training program that allows the employees to learn not only the basics of moving the customer valuables, but also business principles. Siemens In the case of Siemens, Klaus Kleinfeld motivate his team by applying some of the principles of Maslow’s hierarchy; in his case the need to succeed is a clear example of his determination to be recognized and fulfill his self-actualization need. As Klaus demonstrate to his team his endurance to hard ork and dedication, he asks from his team the same dedication and drive to work very hard; in their case he is able to motivate them by telling them if they do not perform up to the task, their jobs could be lost to other countries such as China and Japan; therefore appealing to the worker’s desire to cover their physiological needs for pay, bonuses, also he appeals to the security needs desire of the employees in regard to fringe b enefits, and job security; employees responded by demonstrating their willingness to work longer and agreed to lower salary increases ..When Kleinfield was sent to the United States to as a CEO, he applied a theory that he developed named One Siemens, which is a program designed to get company units to cooperate efficiently to benefit business; this program that he developed is a clear example of the Job Enrichment Theory, which aims at encouraging employees to perform at a higher level. What Kleinfield did was to integrate and created self-managed teams such as: Medical Solutions and Power Transmission and Distribution, that cooperated to supply together diagnostic equipment, software, telecommunications, and power to a new hospital being built in Temple, Texas.

The Arab-Israeli Conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Arab-Israeli Conflict - Term Paper Example The main reason that triggered them to take this step was their hope to escapediscrimination and outright massacres against Jews in much of Europe. They considered different locations for the establishment of their new state and finally chose the historic Palestine in the Middle East as the Jews hold a religious belief that Palestine is the Promised Land for them.But the problem with their envisioned Jewish state of Palestine that the area was already a home land for around half a million Muslim and ChristianPalestinians. The modern Arab-Israeli conflict has originated since 1881. One has to have aproper understanding of present events in the Middle East and knowledge of the cultural, social, and economic, as well as political, background of these events (Andersen, Seibert, et. al).The most of the Palestinians at that time, almost 90% of the Arabs were Muslim while most of the rest were Christian (Tessler 43 and 124). Â  However, the religious differences are not the cause of the re al conflict. It is basically a struggle over land (Beinin&Hajjar). Theodor Herzl’s Zionist movement and the 1st International Zonist Congress of 1897 declared the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state in Palestine (Patai 2:581). After the defeat of Turkey in World War-I Palestine went under the control of Great Britain, which through the Balfour Declaration of 02 November, 1917 promised the Jews to create their National home in Palestine. During the World War II, the Jews suffered great atrocities in areas under the Nazi control and when the war came to an end and United Nations came into being, it was decided through resolution 181of 29 November, 1947 to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Muslim state. The Jews (comprise 30% of the total population at that time, and previously owning 6% of the land)were to be given 55% of, while Muslim and Christian Palestinians (the majority of the population)got 45% of the total land. The Palestinians’ input was not even take n into this biased conception and development of the partition plan at the UN (Sowers of Hope Factsheet No.5). Later on, when Jews overthrew the British mandate and declared the establishment of Israel on 14 May, 1948; the neighboring Arab states, Syria, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon and Egypt attacked it. The West bank came under the control of Jordan and the Gaza strip under the control of Egypt. On the other hand, the Jews snatched some more territory than being sanctioned to them in the UN partition plan of 1947. It was the beginning of the Arab-Israel conflict that caused over 700,000 Palestinians to flee to neighboring countries and become refugees. The UN resolution194 of December, 1948 called for a ceasefire which actually took place in the start of 1949 and the return of the refugees but Israel refused to allow the return of the refugees (Smith 1). In 1964’s Arab League annual summit, it was decided to create a unified organization as the sole representative of the Pale stinian people. It resulted in the origination of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). And Yasir Arafat, whose Fatah party was already merged with PLO was chosen as its president. In 1967, the efforts of Egypt, Syria and Jordan to settle scores with Israel resulted in a six days’ bloody war of 5 June, 1967. It resulted in the capturing of Gaza, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Jerusalem and the West Bank by Israel. UN resolution

Software Engendering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Software Engendering - Assignment Example Additionally, it can be stated that the fact that this kind of a development method helps the customers to select the next set of releases by pinpointing on the most valuable features (often called stories) while analyzing them on the basis of cost factors plays a major role in reducing the time period required for development (Beck 71). The fourth characteristic of this kind of a development method is the fact that the larger project can be divided in to multiple smaller assignments and can be handled individually by the various team members in a very short time span. Another very important characteristic is the fact that this kind of a development method has an iteration step, the main goal of which is to produce the new stories that have been already tested. Types of software that can be developed by using the agile development and extreme programming method While trying to identify the software that can be developed by implementing an agile development, the focus needs to be give n on the nature of operations that are associated with this development method. It has to be mentioned that this kind of a development requires continuous engagement as well as participation of the client (Fowler, â€Å"Is Design Dead†). ... The continuous interaction of the client with the developers as well as the need to develop the projects in a very short time span will greatly help in implementing and following this kind of a development method. Apart from outsourced projects, this kind of extreme programming as well as agile development method can be followed in-house project developments for SME organizations where the requirements are not properly defined (Beck, 1999, p. 77). Comparing agile development method with Waterfall model It needs to be highlighted that the waterfall model comprises four different and very important steps like analysis, design, implementation as well as test. The waterfall model requires a proper planning of the entire processes. Each of the four important stages of the waterfall model is very time consuming in nature. It also needs to be stated that since the entire process is very stringent in nature, the ability to make any incremental changes in the development process of the softwa re is very low. The long development cycles of the waterfall model makes it very y harmful for the entire developing team as it unnecessarily blocks the required amount of resources. In comparing the waterfall model with that of the agile development method, it can be stated that the agile development method is highly flexible in nature. Also, the entire development time can be reduced in a great manner under the agile development model. Comparing agile development method with Iterative model In elaborating about the iterative model, it can be stated that the model follows similar stages as compared to that of the waterfall model. However, the time consumption in the process of project development is relatively shorter as

Automated Library Management System Essay Example for Free

Automated Library Management System Essay The intuition for this system was the observations done in the libraries which had the old card and paper system. By considering the students’ opinions regarding the difficulties they face in order to search a book from their respective institutions libraries, as it takes plenty of time to do so. Also for the librarians, as it takes them a lot of time to properly manage the books, along with their details. So there was a system required which could replace the old paper and card system and could ease the students or anyone who wants to search for a book from their nearby library. Most importantly a database, that would be ideal for a library upgrading from a card or paper system where they have a card for each piece of book, a database that would also benefit a library where all students’ records are still on a paper basis. With this Library Management System, librarians will be able to monitor and manage library’s inventory more efficiently and will be able to perform all of the main library operations. Keywords_ _ Automated, ISBN, LINUX, Microsoft Visual Studio, OS and SDLC. Introduction The library is one of the oldest types of institutions in our society. It is in the midst of rapid change in recent times. The changes reflect those going on in other institutions and also in the society as a whole. Hence, they must move beyond their traditional role as custodians of books and integrate new methods of storage and transmission of information into an already existing structure. Modern libraries, have already adapted to this change, but countries like Pakistan, many of its great educational institutions still have old paper-card system 1|Page in their libraries. This automated system is designed in order to facilitate all those libraries with the old systems. Hopefully with all of the changes, it would make the libraries run much more smoothly. With less time spent filling out paperwork, more time can be devoted to serving the customers and maintaining the potentially vast amount of books held in the library. The next sections of the paper include; Literature review, Methodology and Conclusion. An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries Literature Review Library automation may be defined as the application of automatic and semi-automatic data processing machines (computers) to perform traditional library housekeeping activities such as acquisition, circulation, cataloguing and reference and serial control. Finally, library automation is the process of performing all information operations/ activities in library with the help of computers and related information technologies. The history of library automation in the world is not an old one. It dates back to 1950s and 1960s in America and Europe. Malik in [5] states that, in Pakistan, library automation was introduced in 1980s and a number of libraries have been computerized in or after 1987. Dilroshan in [6] says that automating a library is only the first step. Keeping up with new trends in information and communication technology is also of paramount importance. If the libraries fail to meet these challenges successfully the tremendous investment that universities have made in their library collections and facilities will be seriously undermined. Salma et al in [3] has conducted comparative research study on the management of University of the Western Cape library, South Africa and Dhaka University library, Bangladesh. Salma et al in [3] suggests that the two studied libraries can improve service delivery if they vigorously promote fund raising activities, improve salaries and allowances of the library staff, and speed up and complete the highly advanced computerization of delivered services. Qutab et al in [1] explored the fact that only 52 of the thousands of universities, colleges, and 2|Page schools in Pakistan have their library pages on parent organizations websites, only one public library website was functional, and only eight special library web sites were uploaded, is proof of the lack of interest or awareness of the importance of web-based services in the country. Tiwari in [4] sees automation in nineties as an increasingly divergent issue, in terms of resources, skills and abilities. Over the past few years, library automation has undergone a dramatic shift in direction. Library automation began with in-house processing of traditional task and grew to include the use of computing and telecommunication tools. Now there is a library without walls which uses technology to expand services, resources and relationship between libraries and resources around the world. This virtual library is a reality. A world of digital information is just a keystroke away claims IBM digital library. The future of library automation system will include information kiosks, where people with no computer experience can access information easily. Information scientists will create human computer interfaces and library scientists will manage the resources. Haider et al in [2] explains that barriers to the effective implementation in the libraries of Pakistan are: systematic planning for automation, software and hardware collection, nonexistence of standards, financial limitations, uncertainty and most important lack of willing and competent human resources. In order to resolve the situation, we stress that special attention needs to be paid to: formulation of information policy; creation An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries of popular awareness with regard to technology in library operation; training and development of staff; organization of users educational program for students and teachers; and emphasis on comprehensive planning by individual library to automate the library operations. ? Design and Architecture Flow Chart: Methodology After the thorough analysis of the problems, designing of Library Management System was initiated. SDLC phases were used for the development of this system. Requirements Engineering We decided to create a database that can help organize a library by performing the main functionalities of the normal library. It would be ideal for a library upgrading from a card number. It would also benefit a library where all employee records are still on a paper basis as well including all hire paperwork. There will be main modules of searching, registering and reserving that will be covered in the database in order to accomplish the targeted goal. Fig. 1 depicts one of the modules’, Searching, requirements. The system does not include the functionality of renewing books. Fig. 2 Above given diagram is the main description of the system that after the successful login, both of the users; librarian and student will have their different interfaces for the searching purpose, different but having same functionality. After selecting the subject category, users will be able to search the respective book by its author name and its title, corresponding details will be displayed on the screens. Fig. 3 depicts the original working for it: Fig. 1 Fig. 3 3|Page An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries ? Implementation The designed system was then implemented in Microsoft Visual Studio. Other than searching, main modules of Updating Books and Students information and registration of students are displayed in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. obtained after the Acceptance Testing, that the system was accepted widely by both of its user’s students and librarians and the results showed that they both found it very easy to use. 100% 80% 60% Students 40% 20% 0% Librarians Easy Moderate Difficult Fig. 6 Fig. 4 Fig. shows the results obtained after Automated Testing, the system designed is user friendly and is a desktop system; it will successfully run on any PC and Laptop, other than the ones with LINUX OS. 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% Acceptable Fig. 5 ? Testing After the successful formation of required and designed system, it went through different testing techniques. In Acceptance Testing readiness of system was checked wh ether it is acceptable by users or not, In Compatibility Testing performance of the system was tested in different working conditions and in Automated Testing it was checked whether it is well-matched with different OS or not. Fig. 6 shows the results 4|Page 20% Not Acceptable 0% PCs Laptops LINUX OS Fig. 7 Conclusion From the above discussion it is clear that Pakistan is on its way towards modernization of university libraries in all respect but still requires more efforts to quench the information thirst of their patrons. The system designed is beneficent An Automated Library Management System; Eradicating the Old Styled Libraries for all of those libraries, especially for university libraries which still have old paper-card system. This system will be a great initiative for all such libraries, which cannot afford high budget Automated Systems. With this low budget and easily used system, those libraries will be able to have an automated system which would be, for sure very advantageous for the users, either students or the librarians. The testing methods revealed that this system designed is user friendly and its users will be facing no such difficulties in order to operate it. Systematic utilization and categorization of this systems’ budget according to the needs of the respective libraries has also been kept as an important aspect for the achievement of betterment, which is the aim of the system. he University Western Cape Library and Dhaka University Library†. (PhD thesis), (2006). [4] Tiwari Aravind_ â€Å"Evaluation of electronic libraries. † New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation, (2002). [5] Malik Khalid Mahmood_ â€Å"Status of library automation in Pakistan. † PLBXXVI (1), pp. 24-25, (1995). [6] Dilroshan, T. L. Chrishantha_ â€Å"Identification of problems faced by university libraries in the process of automation: with special reference to the libraries of Moratuwa and Colombo Universities. † Sri Lanka Journal of Librarianship and Information Management vol. 1, no. 2. pp 82, (1992). Acknowledgements We acknowledge to every person who gave us something to light our pathway for completion of our desired goal; we truly thank them for believing in us. References [1] Qutab, Saima ; Khalid Mehmood_ â€Å"Library web sites in Pakistan: an analysis of the content†. Emerald, Vol. 43 No. 4 pp. 430-445, (2009). [2] Haider, Jala-ud-Din Syed_ â€Å"Library management scenario ; management problems in Pakistani libraries†. Library Administration ; Management, vol. 21, no. 4, Fall 2007. pp. 173-176, (2007). [3] Chaudry, Salma_ â€Å"The management of academic libraries: a comparative study of 5|Page